HUMAN ANATOMY AND

PHYSIOLOGY
 hair - a covering for the body (or parts of it)
consisting of a dense growth of threadlike
structures (as on the human head); helps to
prevent heat loss; "he combed his hair";
"each hair consists of layers of dead
keratinized cells"
Why do we have hair?
Depending on where it is, hair has different jobs. The hair on
your head keeps your head warm and provides a little
cushioning for your skull. Eyelashes protect your eyes by
decreasing the amount of light and dust that go into them, and
eyebrows protect your eyes from sweat dripping down from
your forehead.
          
What is your hair made of?
de up of two or three layers: the cuticle, the cortex, and sometimes the medulla.

Hair is made of a tough protein called keratin. A hair follicle

anchors each hair into the skin. The hair bulb forms the base of the
hair follicle. In the hair bulb, living cells divide and grow to build the
hair shaft
What are the 3 layers of hair?

                       

Each hair shaft is made up of two or

three layers: the cuticle, the cortex,
and sometimes the medulla.
 FOREHEAD =
the part of the face above the
eyebrows.

What is your forehead called?

The forehead (sinciput) is an area of the head bounded by three
features, two of the skull and one of the scalp. The top of the
forehead is marked by the hairline, the edge of the area where hair
on the scalp grows.
What are the different types of foreheads?
Onmanorama tells you some common types of forehead and their
significance.
Horizontally shaped forehead without slopes. ...
Sloped forehead. ...
Bow shaped forehead. ...
Small and broad forehead. ...
High and slightly wide forehead. ...
Forehead with lines and folds. ...
Forehead without lines and folds.
Eyebrow = the strip of hair growing on the ridge above a person's eye
socket.
What eyebrows symbolize?
"Every part of our face reflects a different age, relationship, aspect of
our life and organ in our body," Sher explains. "Eyebrows reflect our
heart, our sexual energy, our relationship with our partner, our
relationship with our siblings and our power, career and work style."
 The first, and most obvious, function of
eyebrows is to keep our eyes clear of
liquid, such as sweat or rain. The
brow's arch shape diverts liquid around
the eyes and to the sides of our face,
keeping any water or salty sweat out of
our eyes.
What are the main functions of eyebrows?

                                           

They protect our eyes from moisture and light

Physically, eyebrows are there to help keep our eyes clean and
clear. They move wetness from sweat and rain away from our
eyes so we can maintain our sight.
 What are the benefits of having eyebrows?
5 Benefits of Having Your Eyebrows Professionally Waxed
Accentuate your eyes.
Make you look more youthful.
Create a polished look.
Hide certain flaws, such as small eyes, eyes that are far apart, or
hooded eyes.

What is the function of eyelashes eyelids and eyebrows?

  

 
                                        
In addition to being uniquely expressive, eyebrows and
eyelashes serve as the first line of natural defense against
airborne debris and other hazards getting into the eyes.
 The eye is a sensory organ.
It collects light from the visible
world around us and converts it
into nerve impulses. The optic
nerve transmits these signals to
the brain, which forms an image so
thereby providing sight.

The Main Functions of the Eye

Light Detection. Every object reflects light. ...
Night Vision. The less light there is, the less the items will reflect for
the eyes, making nighttime or darkness harder to see. ...
Focus. The eye, like a camera, has a lens. ...
Depth Perception. ...
Balance.
The eye is shaped like a round ball, with a slight bulge at the front.
The eye has three main layers. These layers lie flat against each other
and form the eyeball.
The outer layer of the eyeball is a tough, white, opaque membrane
called the sclera (the white of the eye). The slight bulge in the sclera
at the front of the eye is a clear, thin, dome-shaped tissue called the 
cornea.
The middle layer is the choroid. The front of the choroid is the colored
part of the eye called the iris. In the center of the iris is a circular hole
or opening called the pupil.
The inner layer is the retina, which lines the back two-thirds of the
eyeball. The retina consists of two layers: the sensory retina, which
contains nerve cells that process visual information and send it to the
brain; and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which lies between
the sensory retina and the wall of the eye.
 human ear, organ of hearing and equilibrium
that detects and analyzes sound by transduction (or
the conversion of sound waves into electrochemical
impulses) and maintains the sense of balance
(equilibrium).

Why are ears important for us?

The ear is the organ responsible for hearing and
balance. Thanks to its unique mechanisms, it
receives sound waves and transforms them into
proper sounds, making sense to us.
How do our ears protect us?

The ears are self-cleaning organs, and wax stops dust and other
harmful particles from entering the canal. Plus, inserting
anything inside your ear canals risks damaging sensitive organs
like your ear drum.
 The ear is divided into three parts:
Outer ear: The outer ear includes an ear canal that is is lined with hairs and
glands that secrete wax. This part of the ear provides protection and channels
sound. The auricle or pinna is the most visible part of the outer ear and what
most people are referring to when they use the word “ear.”
Middle ear: Three tiny bones — the malleus, incus, and stapes — within the middle
ear transfer sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear. The middle ear is
important because it is filled with numerous air spaces, which provide routes for
infections to travel. It is also the location of the Eustachian tube, which equalizes the
air pressure between the inner and outer surfaces of the tympanic membrane
(eardrum).
Inner ear: The inner ear, also called the labyrinth, operates the body’s sense of
balance and contains the hearing organ. A bony casing houses a complex system of
membranous cells. The inner ear is called the labyrinth because of its complex shape.
There are two main sections within the inner ear: the bony labyrinth and the
membranous labyrinth. The cochlea, the hearing organ, is located inside the inner
ear. The snail-like cochlea is made up of three fluid-filled chambers that spiral around
a bony core, which contains a central channel called the cochlear duct. Inside the
cochlear duct is the main hearing organ, the spiral shaped organ of Corti. Hair cells
inside the organ of Corti detect sound and send the information through the cochlear
nerve.
 The cheek aids in enzymatic digestion by the
secretion of the enzymes from the parotid
gland. While in mechanical digestion, the
cheek aids in maintaining the food in the
mouth so that it can be chewed and
swallowed. The majority of the muscles in the
cheek region contribute to facial expression.

What do cheek muscles do?

                             
The craniofacial muscles are essential
to chewing and making facial
expressions. They originate from bone
or fascia and insert into your skin.
Craniofacial muscles work together to
control movements in your: Cheeks.
What nerves are in the cheeks?
The buccal nerve, often called the long buccal nerve by dentists,
supplies sensory information to areas of the face and mouth,
specifically the cheeks and the gum areas near the second and
third molars.

What is inside your cheeks?

It's also called the oral cavity. The inner lining of your cheek is
known as the buccal mucosa.
Your nose is part of your respiratory system. It allows air to enter
your body, then filters debris and warms and moistens the air.
Your nose gives you a sense of smell and helps shape your
appearance. Many common symptoms affect your nose, such as a
stuffy nose and nosebleed.
 Nose is the primary organ of smell and functions as an important
respiratory system. It is also the principal organ in the olfactory system. ... Filtering of the air by nasal hair in the nostrils prevents large p
respiratory organ in the body. Besides this, it is also involved in
functions such as tasting. The air that we breathe is filtered through
the nasal hair. The inhaled air is warmed and humidified before it
enters into the lungs. 
What are 3 functions of the nose quizlet?
The functions of the nose and nasal cavities are: -Olfaction
(smelling). -Respiration (breathing). -Filtration of dust.

What is nose made of?

Made up mainly of cartilage and bone and covered by mucous
membranes. The cartilage also gives shape and support to the outer
part of the nose. Nasal passages. Passages that are lined with
mucous membranes and tiny hairs (cilia) that help to filter the air.
Lips allow us to chew and swallow with our mouth closed; to hold
onto things like nails and clothes pegs, and to suckle at the breast.
But even more importantly, our lips are used in communication.
They allow us to smile, to bare our teeth and to kiss.
What color are healthy lips?
In contrast to the other skin on our face, the vermillion has no hair
follicles and no salivary, sweat, or sebaceous glands. Normal,
healthy lip color varies, depending on skin color and other factors,
but should fall in the reddish-pink-to-brown range.
Your jaw is a set of bones that holds your teeth. It consists of
two main parts. The upper part is the maxilla. It doesn't move.
The moveable lower part is called the mandible.
Where is the jaw? The lower jaw (mandible) supports the
bottom row of teeth and gives shape to the lower face and
chin. This is the bone that moves as the mouth opens and closes.
The upper jaw (maxilla) holds the upper teeth, shapes the
middle of the face, and supports the nose.