Review of Related Literature and

Synthesis
Review of literature is composed of discussions of facts
and principles to which the present study is related.
Related studies, on the other hand, are studies, inquiries,
or investigations already conducted to which the present
proposed study is related or has some bearing or similarity.
Selecting Relevant Review of Related
Literature

• the relevance of research studies carried out in other

countries to your research;
• the time period within which work has been published:
sometimes there is a case for including older sources;
Write a Literature Review
1. Narrow your topic and select papers accordingly.
2. Search for literature.
3. Read the selected articles thoroughly and evaluate
them.
4. Organize the selected papers by looking for patterns
and by developing subtopics.
5. Develop purpose statement.
6. Write the paper.
7. Review your work.
Write a Literature Review
📚 Narrow your topic and select papers accordingly.
📚 Search for literature.
📚 Read the selected articles thoroughly and evaluate them.
📚 Organize the selected papers by looking for patterns and by
developing subtopics.
📚 Develop a thesis or purpose statement.
📚 Write the paper.
📚 Review your work.
Sample illustration

Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the relevant literature and studies that

the researcher considered in strengthening the claim and
importance of the present study.
Example:

Factors Affecting Mathematics Performance of Laboratory High School

Students at Philippine National University Academic Year 2009- 2010.

Katherine (2008) stated that an exploration of girls learning styles, attitudes,

and behaviors in math classes that also shows the importance of analyzing the
curriculum and attitudes of teachers when attempting to understand girIs'
relation to math. lt attempts to discover ways to Increase giris' interest and
achievement in math. It concludes with 15 practical recommendations for the
improvement of math education for girls.

Kean (2000) analyzed how parents' values and attitudes affect children's
math pertormance and later interest, and how these attitudes vary by the child's
gender. They used data from a longitudinal study of more than 800 children and
a large group of their parents that began in 1987 and continued through.
What is a Synthesis?
Synthesis refers to bringing together materials from
different sources, and the creation of an integrated
whole.
Two Types of Synthesis

• Explanatory synthesis-It helps the readers to understand a

topic.
• Argument synthesis-Its purpose is for you to present your
own point of view with the
support of relevant facts from services and presented in a
logical manner.
How to write a synthesis
Prieto (2017) suggests the procedure that you can follow in
writing the synthesis of your literature review includes the
following:
• Consider your purpose in writing.
• Select and read carefully your sources, according to your
purpose.
• Formulate the main idea that you want to present in your
synthesis.
• Decide on you will use your source materials and take
down notes.
• Write the first draft of your synthesis, following your
organizational plan.
• Revise your synthesis
Techniques for writing a synthesis
• Illustration or Example
• Two (or more) reasons
• Comparison and contrast
“All of the participants discussed their
relationships with others who were accepting as
key to a shift in the way they perceived
themselves. The availability and reality of
support and acceptance seemed to give these men
permission to stand outside majority culture.”
The actuality of support and acceptance seems to
allow these individuals to stand outside from
majority society.