Hell

Researchers.
o.
Writing Chapter
Review of Related
2
Literature and Studies

www.PowerPointHub.com
This Chapter is consist of three:

Related Literature
Related Studies
Relationship of the
previous studies to the
present
Attendees should better understand

What a literature review

is
How to organize literature
reviewsources are available
What
for help in writing
 What is a literature review (for)?

• Establishes the terms and context. How else will you define exactly
what you’re looking at and where its limits are?
• Presents a survey of preceding literature on the topic. How else will
you know what’s been done already?
• Explores ways that others have solved similar questions/problems.
How else will you select an appropriate methodology and approach?
• Outlines the relationship of these texts to each other. How else will
you know what the different perspectives and debates are, and where you
are coming from?
• Evaluates the quality and relevance of the literature. How else will
you be able to build on or reject it?
• Establishes the gaps or inadequacies. How else will you justify your
own contribution?
 A related
literature…
These are articles taken from books, journals, magazines, novels, poetry and
many others.

Some are incorporated into the introduction part.

Its purpose: To help the reader understand the background to your study and
see how it’s the next logical study to be conducted in this domain.

Necessarily, a good literature review requires a thoroughly researched topic.

Be prepared for a writing process. Do not attempt to write a literature

review over night. This process takes weeks and months. Yes, months.
 A literature review…
• A critical analysis of existing research in your field; it highlights both the
strengths and weaknesses of existing research

• Allows you to gain a critical understanding of your field

• Opportunity to think about what has been done in your field; opportunity to
think about the similarities, patterns, trends and also differences across the
existing research

• By identifying strengths and weakness, you will be able to think about what
has not/needs to be done in your field

• The gap in the literature is your justification for your research

 Example:
Title: Factors Affecting English Performance of Jacinto P. Elpa
National High School Academic Year 2021-2022.

Katherine (2018) stated that an exploration of girl’s learning styles,

attitudes, and behaviours in English classes shows the importance of
analysing the curriculum and attitudes of teachers when attempting to
understanding girl’s relation to English. It attempts to discover ways to
increase girl’s interest and achievement in English. It concludes with 15
practical recommendations for the improvement of English education for
girls.
Related Studies…
These are taken from published and unpublished
theses/dissertations or published research journals.
Relationship of the
previous studies to
the present study
Points out the similarities and differences of the
reviewed studies to the present study in terms of the
framework of the study, methodology, statistical
analysis

In this part, the researcher does not need to stipulate

anymore the year of publication or date in which the
study has been conducted.
 Sample illustration
Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the relevant literature and studies that the
researcher considered in strengthening the claim and importance of the
present study.
 A. Related Literature

Foreign

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________

Local

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________
 B. Related Studies

Foreign

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________

Local

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________
Where to start?!

YOU DON’T NEED TO

READ EVERYTHING –
you can’t!

• You don’t need to read

every text
• You don’t need to read
every word
Reading critically
Think about:

 What were the research aims of the

paper/book?
 Is the research aim achieved? If so, how
did they do it?
 Are there any problems with their
methodology?
 Was it a strong or a weak research model?
 How will this research help with your
own research?
 What can you take from it?
 What needs to be avoided?
 What are you doing differently?
 Starting to think about your own literature review

 Who are the key participants in my field? This could be

anything from academics, medics, governing bodies,
schools of thought etc. (Sources!)

 What are the main ideas/debates in my field?

 How have these ideas changed over time?

 What are some of the problems with these ideas/debates?

Is there a problem with the methodology?

 What are you going to do differently?

 Key players and
sources
• First stage of the literature review is to identify the key
people in your field and collate all relevant sources about
your topic.

Ask yourself:
What research and theory is there on my topic?
What are the key sources (books, articles) on my topic?
Who are the main theorists and researchers in this area?
How has the topic/problem been investigated over time?
 Main ideas/debates
Once you have the relevant sources you can begin to think about what the
key ideas, debates, methodologies etc. are in your field.
You can also think about how these ideas have changed over time.

Ask yourself:
How has the topic or problem been defined?
Are there any trends and patterns across the literature?
What methodological assumptions and approaches have been used?
What are the agreements and disagreements between theorists on my
topic?
 Thinking critically
When identifying the key ideas, themes and methodologies in
your field, it is important to think critically about them
This will allow you to identify a ‘gap’ in the literature

Ask yourself:

What are the strengths and weaknesses of these debates?

What evidence is lacking, inconclusive or limited?
What will you add to the topic? What will you do
differently?
 Prewriting Stages
• Formulate the problem or primary research
question —which topic or field is being examined
and what are its component issues?
• Analyze and interpret —
• Choose literature —find materials relevant to the
note the findings and
subject being explored and determine which
conclusions of pertinent
literature makes a significant contribution to the
literature, how each
understanding of the topic .
contributes to your field .
 Beginning the Writing
Introduce your LR by
• Defining or explaining the primary problem addressed by the lit
review, or if the LR is part of a larger work like a thesis or dissertation,
explain the problem it addresses.
OR
• Explaining main conflict(s) in the literature
OR
• Explaining the time frame you will review
OR
• Offer a rationale for your choice of source material
OR
• Using all or some of the points above.

A Lit Review must have its own thesis (e.g., More and more
cultural studies scholars are accepting popular media as a subject
worthy of academic consideration; others scoff at the very idea).
 Body of the LR
• Use subheadings if dividing the LR topically, thematically, according to
argumentative perspective, or according to time period.
• Be sure to show relationships between sources.

• Discuss source’s significant contributions.

• Do not develop ideas or use sources that are irrelevant to your thesis
overall.
 Concluding the LR
• Summarize ideas, conflicts, themes, or historical
(or chronological) periods.

• Contextualize your topic within the summary.

• Point out gap(s) in scholarship and, show how

your research helps fill the gap(s).

• Transition to your next chapter. t

The Write Place © 2015 Created and Modified by

Carol Mohrbacher
 Clarity
Tips for clear writing:
• Clear introduction: overview of topic, aim of review and structure
• Clear paragraph structure
• Make sure the subject of your sentence is clear
• Don’t assume knowledge
• Make sure key terminology and difficult ideas are always explained thoroughly
(ask your yourself: does it make sense?)
• Be objective and balanced
• Use signposts to orientate the reader
 Your critical voice:
signposting

• Where appropriate, begin sections and paragraphs with a statement which

synthesises or analyses, rather than just describes

• Use signposting words to demonstrate how texts relate to each other and also
what you think of them
Eg. However, yet, moreover, indeed, similarly etc
 Paragraphs and flow
Paragraph:
-Topic sentence
-Discussion of topic
-Closing sentence

Thematic and grammatical links

-Logical progression from one
paragraph to the next
-Demonstrate links in your language
 Use of citations in the literature review

Two types of citations:

Integral: The author’s name appears in the sentence.
Example (author-date system): Lillis (2001) argues that both tutors
and students often lack explicit knowledge of the conventions
governing the construction of academic texts.
Non-integral: The author’s name appears outside sentence.
Example: Both tutors and students often lack explicit
knowledge of the conventions governing the construction
of academic texts (Lillis, 2001).
 Citation
 Senior High Students of Jacinto P. Elpa National High School ranks 1 in the recent
conducted International Research Presentation… (Fraga 2022).
 Fraga (2022) argues that the Senior High Students of Jacinto P. Elpa National High
School ranks 1 in the recent conducted International Research Presentation…
 As Fraga (2022) points out, Senior High Students of Jacinto P. Elpa National High
School ranks 1 in the recent conducted International Research Presentation…
 According to Fraga (2022), Senior High Students of Jacinto P. Elpa National High
School ranks 1 in the recent conducted International Research Presentation… . However,
….
 Fraga (2022) argues out that the Senior High Students of Jacinto P. Elpa National High
School ranks 1 in the recent conducted International Research Presentation… However,
….
Editing and Proofreading

Editing and proofreading are fundamental aspects

of good academic practice.

Editing is the process of continually revising and

improving your written work. It is often an activity that
forms a major part of the writing process.

Proofreading is the final check before printing and

submission. It is a process that helps remove errors
and improve presentation.
 A sample paragraph with transitions
Researchers have conducted studies about siblings of special needs and autistic children because this
group is vulnerable to adjustment difficulties (Cuskelly, 1999). In fact, specialists have compared the sibling-
autism relationship to the MR relationship. They have also studied the importance of the family, and
particularly the mother, in this relationship. In addition, Kaminsky and Dewey (2001) found that the autism-
sibling relationship is characterized by less intimacy and pro-social behavior. This study likewise reports that
these relationships were marked by fewer instances of quarreling. While this phenomenon may occur because
of the unique situation of the autism-sibling relationship, less fighting is also a positive illustration of a
relationship marked by more admiration. Furthermore, Rivers and Stoneman (2003) define this relationship
as asymmetrical. These results are also similar to the MR-sibling relationship, as reported by Knott, et al.
(1995). Rivers and Stoneman (2003) reveal, too, that parents worry about the autism-sibling relationship in
their families. The importance of the family’s influence on the autism-sibling relationship is very useful for
this research study and thus, will be discussed in the conclusion of the literature review.
~Ellen Geib, CU Writing Center Tutor
 Revising the LR: Questions to Ask
Yourself
 Have I accurately represented the author’s views?
 Is source material research current and relevant to thesis
topic?
 Are all major theorists, scholars, or studies represented?
 Have I shown relationships between sources?
 Is there a clear connection between thesis topic and the
LR?
 Are all sources documented accurately?
 Have I used effective transitions from idea to idea, source
to source, paragraph to paragraph?
 Is my analysis of sources well developed?
 Have I represented all conflicts or argumentative sides
fairly?
 Sources
Workshop Schedule, Power Point Presentations, & Videos:
http://www.cedarville.edu/Offices/Writing-Center/Workshop-Information.aspx

Greenhalgh, T. (2006) How to Read a Paper: The basics of evidence-based medicine Third edition. Oxford: Blackwell and
BMJ
Hart, C. (1998) Doing a Literature Review. London: SAGE
Ridley, D. (2008) The Literature Review: A Step-by-Step Guide for Students. London: SAGE
Yudkin, B. (2006) Critical Reading: Making sense of research papers in life sciences and medicine. London: Routledge

Writing the Winning Thesis or Dissertation: A Step by Step Guide, 2nd Ed by Allen Glatthorn and Randy L. Joyner
Successful Dissertations and Theses: A Guide to Graduate Student Research from Proposal to Completion, 2nd Ed by
David Madsen

Writing the Successful Thesis and Dissertation: Entering the Conversation by Irene L. Clark
Any Questions?
Thank you!