Quality Project Management

Part-4
Project Quality Planning

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 Project Quality Planning

 Every project delivers something at the end of the project execution.

When it comes to the project initiation, the project management and the
client collaboratively define the objectives and the deliveries of the
project together with the completion timelines.

 To address all the quality requirements, standards and quality assurance

mechanisms in a project, a document called 'project quality plan' is
developed by the project team. This plan acts as the quality bible for the
project and all the stakeholders of the project should adhere to the
project quality plan.
Quality Processes
 Quality Planning:
 Identifyingwhich quality standards are relevant to the project and
how to satisfy them.
 Quality Assurance:
 Periodically evaluating overall project performance to ensure the
project will satisfy the relevant quality standards.
 Quality Control:
 Monitoring specific project results to ensure that they comply with
the relevant quality standards.
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Project Quality Management Summary

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 Who is responsible for the Quality of Projects:
 Project
Managers are ultimately responsible for quality
management on their projects.

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Quality Planning

A “Quality Plan” describes how an organization will

achieve its quality objectives. It describes the quality
objectives and specifies the quality assurance and control
activities to be performed in day-to-day company
operations.

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Quality Planning
 Organizational Quality Plan Content: (Prepared by Quality Manager)
 Quality objectives and goals
 Quality management system scope
 Organizations and responsibilities
 Resource requirements
 Cost benefit analysis
 Activities and deliverables
 Schedule
 Risk analysis
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Quality Assurance & Control

 Quality Assurance:
 QA is a broad practice used for assuring the quality of products and
services. In QA, a constant effort is made to enhance the quality practices
in the organization.
 Quality Control:
 The process of making sure that the stakeholders are adhered to the
defined standards and procedures.
 Certain activities and products are verified against a defined set of
rules and standards.
 Every organization that practices QC needs to have a Quality Manual.
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 Quality Assurance makes sure you are doing the right thing, the
right way !!

 Quality Control makes sure the results of what you’ve done are
what you expected !!

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Monitoring & Controlling can be done:

 Project Reviews:
 The Project Review (PR) is to review the completed projects and find lessons learnt
on what went well and what could be done better.
 Inspections:
 An organized examination or formal evaluation exercise. A surprise inspection tends
to have different results than an announced inspection. (Inspection need
associated activities)
 Project Audits:
 Provides an opportunity to uncover the issues, concerns and challenges encountered
in the execution of the project.
 Post Mortems:
 A process, usually performed at the conclusion of the project, to determine and
analyze elements of the projects that were successful/unsuccessful.12
 Continual Process Improvement/Continual
Improvement (CPI /CI)

 Continual Improvement is one of the principles of TQM.

 Define as “CPI/CI is an ongoing improvement of products, services or
processes through incremental and breakthrough improvements.
 These efforts can seek "incremental" improvement over time or
"breakthrough" improvement all at once”.
 It is not limited just to quality initiatives.
 Improvement in business strategy, business results, customer, employee and
supplier relationships can be subject to continual improvement.
Source : IQA 2007
5 Basic ways to improve Process in general

1. Reduce resources : more resources than necessary is wasteful.

2. Reduce errors : errors are sign of poor workmanship and require rework.
3. Meet or exceed expectations of customers.
4. Make the process safer : safer workplace is more productive (less accident
and less workers compensation claims).
5. Make the process more satisfying to the person doing it.
Continuous Improvement Tools

 Thereare a number of tools available to ensure that continuous

improvement is successful, we will define two approaches:
 Kaizen.
 PDCA cycle.

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Kaizen

 Its Japanese word the translation of:

• kai (“good”)
• zen (“change”)
• KAIZEN(“good change”) = (“continual improvement”).
 Is the concept of creating small, positive changes to eventually reap major
improvements.

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Kaizen Cycle
Involve
employees

Repeat Identify
the cycle problems

Standardiz
Create a
e and
adopt solution

Analyze
the result
PDCA Cycle

Act Plan

Check Do
 Basic Steps in Problem Solving

 Define the problem and establish an improvement goal.

 Collect data
 Analyze the problem
 Generate potential solutions
 Choose a solution
 Implement the solution
 Monitor the solution to see if it accomplishes the goal.
Statistical Process Control (SPC)
 Statistical process control (SPC) is defined as the use of statistical techniques
to control a process or production method.
 SPC tools and procedures can help you monitor process behaviour, discover
issues in internal systems, and find solutions for production issues.

 A Process by which a product/service is checked during its creation using

certain set parameters and statistical techniques to measure and analyze the
variation within the process.
 It is used for
 To monitor the consistency of product/service quality and maintain
processes to a fixed target as designed.
 To drive improvement actions within an organization. 20
Control Chart

1020
1010
UCL
1000
990
980 LCL
970
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

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Run Chart

0.58
0.56
Diameter

0.54
0.52
0.5
0.48
0.46
0.44
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
T im e ( H o u rs )
Time (Hours)

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Tracking Improvements

UCL UCL
UCL

LCL
LCL
Additional improvements
LCL Process centered made to the process
Process not centered and stable
and not stable

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Process Variation

Process Variability
Variations due to:

Natural Causes: Special Causes:

• Temperature variation • Machine is breaking
• Material variation • Untrained operative
• Customer differences • Machine movement
• Operator performance • Process has changed

Must be monitored Early and visible

warning required
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 What can be controlled using SPC?

VARIABLES. ATTRIBUTES.

Variable Measures are those that Attributes are characteristics that

can be measured on a are assessed by judgment and
continuous scale, for example are dichotomous, i.e. have two
length, time, weight.... states such as right or wrong,
looks OK or not OK.

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Quality at the source

The philosophy of making each worker

responsible for the quality of his or her work.
 Genichi Taguchi’s Theory of Quality
Loss
 Quality is a predictable degree of uniformity and dependability, at low
cost and suite to the market.

 Losses begin to grow as soon as a quality characteristics of a product or

service deviates from the nominal value.

 Once the specification limits are reached, the loss suddenly becomes
positive and constant, regardless of the deviation from the nominal value
beyond the specification limits.
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Problem Solving Methodologies
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 Identify the Problem: Ask Who?
 Who says that this is a problem?
 Who caused or is causing the problem?
 Whom does it or will it affect?
 Who has done something about the problem?
 Identify the Problem: Ask What?
 What happened or will happen?
 What are the symptoms?
 What are the consequences to others?
 What circumstances surround the occurrence of the problem?
 What is not functioning as desired.
 Identify the Problem: Ask When?
 When did it or will it happen?
 When did it first occur?
 Identify the Problem: Ask Where?
 Where is the problem occurring?
 Where did it or will it have an impact?
 Identify the Problem: Ask Why?
 Why is this a problem?
 Why did it or will it occur?
 Why was nothing done to prevent the problem from occurring?
 Why is a response needed now?
 Identify the Problem: Ask How?
 How should the process be working?
 How are others dealing with this or similar problems? 29

 How do you know this is a problem; what supporting information do you have?
QUERIES ??

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