PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENT

PROCCESS
Lukumoi Richard
Associate Consultant.
UMI
0782-509646

1
 Session objectives
By the end of this session, participants should be able to;
1.Understand the concept of project quality management
planning.
2. Explain the inputs, tools and techniques as well as outputs
of project quality management.
3. Be able to apply quality management planning in their day
to day life

2
 QUALITY PLANNING.
Quality planning involves determining which quality standards
are important to the project and deciding how these
standards will be met.
As you may be aware, it is important that in designing quality
in your project, you are able to communicate important
factors that directly contribute to meeting the customer‘s
requirements. This means that knowing what the customer
wants is key to realizing quality in the outputs of the project.
However, it is quite difficult to get this information.

3
 QUALITY PLANNING Cont……….
Design of experiments helps identify which variables have the
most influence on the overall outcome of a process. Many
scope aspects of business production processes affect quality
like functionality, features, system outputs, performance,
reliability, and maintainability.

4
 INPUTS TO QUALITY PLANNING
In planning your project quality you need the following inputs:
Quality policy.A quality policy is defined by the International
Standards Organization (ISO) as the overall intentions and
direction of an organization with regard to quality as formally
expressed by top management.

The performing organization‘s quality policy can serve as the

policy for the production process.

5
 INPUTS TO QUALITY PLANNING.
Regardless of the origin of the quality policy, the project
management team is responsible for ensuring that the project
stakeholders are fully aware of it(e.g through appropriate
information distribution.

Scope statement:The scope statement provides a documented

basis for making future production process decisions and for
confirming or developing a common understanding of
production process scope among stakeholders.

6
 INPUTS TO QUALITY PLANNING.
The scope statement is a key input to quality planning since it
documents major project deliverables as well as the project
objectives which serve to define important stakeholder
requirements.
This statement describes major product deliverables and
objectives that define the production process.

7
 INPUTS TO QUALITY PLANNING.
Production process description:The production process
description documents the characteristics of the product or
service that the production process was undertaken to create.
It details various technical issues or concerns that may impact
Quality Planning.
Although elements of the product description may be
embodied in the scope statement, the product description will
often contain details of technical issues and other concerns
that may affect qualityplanning.
Standards and regulations:Inputs from authorities outside the
performing organization may impact Quality Planning. 8
 INPUTS TO QUALITY PLANNING.
The project management team must consider any application
area specific standards or regulations that may affect the
project.
Other process outputs:Outputs from the other management
processes may impact Quality Planning.

9
 TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES FOR QUALITY PLANNING
There are special tools/methods or techniques that are applied
during the process of planning for project quality. These
include:
Benefit/Cost analysis
The benefit/cost analysis involves estimating tangible and
intangible benefits and costs of meeting quality requirements
and then using financial measures to assess the relative
desirability of the identified alternatives. An example is where
an organization has to weigh the benefits of using so many
people in order to achieve a particular outcome.
10
TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES FOR QUALITY PLANNING
The primary benefit of meeting quality requirements is less
rework, which means higher productivity, lower costs, and
increased stakeholder satisfaction.

The primary cost of meeting quality requirements is the

expense associated with project quality management
activities.
It is obvious of the quality management discipline that the
benefits outweigh the costs.

11
 TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES FOR QUALITY PLANNING.
Benchmarking:Benchmarking compares actual or planned
business process practices to other business processes to
generate ideas for improvement and to provide a standard
against which to measure performance. An example of
benchmarking is a bank that adopts practices after observing
best practice in a competing organization.
Flowcharting:Flow-charting involves creating any diagram
detailing how elements of a system relate to one another.
Flow-charting techniques commonly used in quality
management includes:
12
 TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES FOR QUALITY PLANNING.
1. Cause-and-effect diagrams
2. Process flow charts. An example is the Fish Bone diagram
Design of experiments:This is an analytical technique that helps
identify which variables have the most influence on the overall
outcome and helps determine an optimal solution from a
relatively limited number of cases.
It can be applied to project management issues such as cost and
schedule. For example, senior engineers will cost more than
junior engineers, but can also be expected to complete the
assigned work in less time.
13
 TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES FOR QUALITY PLANNING.
An appropriately designed “experiment” (in this case,
computing project costs and durations for various
combinations of senior and junior engineers) will often allow
determination of an optimal solution from a relatively limited
number of cases.

14
 TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES FOR QUALITY PLANNING.
Cost of quality:These are financial cost incurred to ensure
quality. These are associated with preventing, detecting, and
correcting defects. Cost of quality includes:
• Preventive costs.
• Appraisal costs.
• Failure costs (internal and external)

15
 OUTPUTS FROM QUALITY PLANNING
Just like there are inputs to the process of project quality
planning, there are outputs from the process as well. These
include:
Quality management plan:This is part of the project plan. The
quality management plan describes how the project team
implements the quality policy. For the project, it covers:
a) Quality control.
b) Quality assurance.
c) Quality improvement.

16
 OUTPUTS FROM QUALITY PLANNING
The quality management plan should describe how the project
management team will implement its quality policy. It should
describe the project quality system: “the organizational
structure, responsibilities, procedures, processes, and resources
needed to implement quality management”
The quality management plan provides input to the overall
project plan and must address quality control, quality
assurance, and quality improvement for the project. The quality
management plan may be formal or informal, highly detailed, or
broadly framed, based on the needs of the project.
17
 OUTPUTS FROM QUALITY PLANNING
Operational definitions:Operational definitions are also called
metrics. They describe the specifics of what something is (such
as work procedure or operation) and how the Quality Control
process measures it.
For example, it is not enough to say that meeting the planned
schedule dates is a measure of management quality; the
project management team must also indicate whether every
activity must start on time, or only finish on time; whether
individual activities will be measured or only certain
deliverables, and if so, which ones.
18
 OUTPUTS FROM QUALITY PLANNING
Checklists:To attain quality a product will have checklists to
verify that required steps have been performed or followed. An
example is if you were to start cooking a meal; a checklist is
needed as a of all the cooking items.
A checklist is a structured tool, usually industry or activity-
specific, used to verify that a set of required steps has been
performed. Checklists may be simple or complex. Many
organizations have standardized checklists available to ensure
consistency in frequently performed activities.

19
 OUTPUTS FROM QUALITY PLANNING
In some application areas, checklists are also available from
professional associations or commercial service providers.
Inputs to other processes:Inputs to other processes once
again provide the feedback loops to other processes to
determine if Quality Planning can identify a need for further
activity in another knowledge area. An example if one is to
cook a good meal; inputs are required from the right method
to prepare a good meal.

20
21