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Submitted By:

Group 4

Trisha Guha Neogi (34)


Pranai Mehta (44)
Shruti Khemani (48) Sustainability
Rahul Kumar (57)
and Ethics
report on
Thailand &
Pfizer
BUSINESS ETHICS AND
S U S TA I N A B I L I T Y
Overview - Thailand

Political Overview

• Political System: Constitutional Monarchy


• Established: 1932
• Present Monarch: King Maha Vajiralongkorn
• Ascended Throne: December 2016
• Country adopted the Constitution in 2017

Economics overview

• Thailand’s economy grew at an average annual rate of 7.5% from 1960-1996


• In 2020, poverty rose to 6.4%
• Economic growth in Thailand contracted by 6.1%

BUSINESS ETHICS & SUSTAINABILITY: GROUP 4 - THAILAND/PFIZER 2


SWOT Analysis - Thailand
Strengths Weakness

• Top tourist destination • High pollution in concentrated areas


• Wise economic philosophy. • Vulnerable to Cyber Security
• Proactive in saving the land
• Farming is the primary way of life

Opportunities Threats

• Lowered taxes for business owners • Polluted Environment


• Unequal Wealth Gap • Crypto jacking and security concerns
• Providing Investment opportunities

BUSINESS ETHICS & SUSTAINABILITY: GROUP 4 - THAILAND/PFIZER 3


Ease of Doing Business Ranking of Thailand
Doing Business Ranking: Thailand is ranked 21 among 190 economies in the ease of doing business, according to the latest World
Bank annual ratings. The rank of Thailand improved to 21 in 2019 from 27 in 2018.

Doing Business Score: 80.1

Doing Business Indicators:


• Starting a business
• Dealing with construction permits
• Getting electricity
• Registering property
• Getting credit
• Protecting minority investors
• Paying taxes
• Trading across borders
• Enforcing contracts
• Resolving insolvency
• Employing workers

BUSINESS ETHICS & SUSTAINABILITY: GROUP 4 - THAILAND/PFIZER 4


Corruption Index Ranking
Corruption Index: 36
Corruption Rank in Thailand increased to 104 in 2020 from 101 in 2019.

Competitiveness Index Ranking of Thailand


Competitiveness Index Rank: 29
Ranking is based on 22 criteria, Thailand’s performance in some criteria:
• Total R&D expenditure as a percentage of GDP increased from 1% to 1.11%
• Total R&D personnel per capita increased from 20.9 to 24.0 FTE, per 10,000 people 
• Patent applications per capita has improved from 2.43 to 2.54 applications filed, per 100,000 inhabitants
• University education index moves up from 50th to 49th

BUSINESS ETHICS & SUSTAINABILITY: GROUP 4 - THAILAND/PFIZER 5


Legal System
Thailand has a codified system of law as a result of reforms instituted by King Chulalongkorn

Major legislative code:


• The Civil and Commercial Code
• The Criminal Procedure Code
• The Revenue Code
• The Land Code
• The Civil Procedure Code
• The Penal Code

The court is divided into 3 tiers:


• The Supreme Court (Sarn Dika)
• The Court of Appeals (Sarn Uthorn)
• The Court of First Instance (Sarn Chunton)

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Independent Ombudsman

Mr. Somsak Suwansujarit is the current chief ombudsman

Responsibilities:
• Provide recommendation to relevant Government agencies to revise a law
• Report to the Cabinet
• Conduct a fact-finding investigation

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Anti - Bribery Anti - Corruption Laws of Thailand
• The legal framework governing bribery in Thailand is, The Act Supplementing the Constitution Relating to the Prevention and
Suppression of Corruption (2018) known as the PSC Act.

• The PSC Act defines a bribe as a giving of gift or benefit, regardless of the value, to an official to solicit a benefit in kind (section
128 PSC Act).

• There are two broad categories of bribery under the Thai law:
i. Domestic bribery (private to public)
ii. Private bribery (private to private)

• Principal offences under this legal framework for concerned party involved in bribery:
i. Offences for an official
ii. Offences for an individual
iii. Offences for a legal entity

BUSINESS ETHICS & SUSTAINABILITY: GROUP 4 - THAILAND/PFIZER 8


Law and Order - Human Rights Violations and other issues
• The Royal Thai Police and the Royal Thai Armed Forces share responsibility for law enforcement and the maintenance of order
within the country.

• While more authority has been returned to civilian authorities following the election, they still do not maintain full control over
the security forces. Members of the security forces committed a variety of abuses.

I. Respect for the Integrity of the Person, Including Freedom from:


a. Arbitrary deprivation of life and other unlawful or politically motivated killings
b. Disappearance
c. Torture and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment
d. Arbitrary arrest or detention including arrest procedures and treatment of detainees
e. Denial of fair public trial
f. Arbitrary or unlawful interference with privacy, family, home, or correspondence
g. Abuses in internal conflict

II. Respect for Civil Liberties, Including:


a. Freedom of expression, including for the press, internet, academic and cultural events
b. Freedoms of peaceful assembly and association
c. Freedom of movement
d. Protection of refugees
e. Stateless persons

BUSINESS ETHICS & SUSTAINABILITY: GROUP 4 - THAILAND/PFIZER 9


Law and Order - Human Rights Violations and other issues
III. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process

IV. Corruption and Lack of Transparency in Government

V. Governmental Attitude Regarding International and Nongovernmental Investigation of Alleged Abuses of Human Rights

VI. Discrimination, Societal Abuses, and Trafficking in Persons

VII. Worker Rights


a. Freedom of association and the right to collective bargaining
b. Prohibition of forced or compulsory labor
c. Prohibition of child labor and minimum age for employment
d. Discrimination with respect to employment and occupation
e. Acceptable conditions of work

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Foreign Direct Investments attracted by the Country and Overall
Business environment
• Thailand has been and continues to be one of the most successful countries in the region for attracting Foreign Direct Investment
(FDI).
• It provides an attractive business climate which has consistently received decades of support for private investment from
successive Thai governments.
• Thailand continues to improve its attractiveness for FDI through many government initiatives which seek to make the country
more accessible to those seeking to expand their presence in Asia.
• Inward FDI has been an important driver of economic growth since 2000.
• Greenfield FDI dominates in manufacturing, while cross-border M&A deals are more prevalent in services.
• Sectors targeted under the Thailand 4.0 concept, such as automobiles, electronics and logistics, receive significant shares of FDI.
• FDI contributes to various aspects of sustainable development, and thus the implementation of the Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs), in Thailand.
• FDI is prevalent in sectors that are more productive, spend more on R&D, have higher average wages and employ higher shares
of skilled labor.
• FDI is also found to support the greening of the economy in Thailand.
• Thailand's business friendly environment consistently was given as the first and most important factor.
• Ranked as one of the fastest growing countries in Southeast Asia, Thailand has conquered its place as one of its top exporters.

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Failure stories of Lapses - Scams - Scandals in the Country
• 88 Years of Failed Democracy in Thailand

• Tuk tuk driver scams


 Trying to find out the purpose of the trip and taking you to overpriced shops, hotels or restaurants.

• The Sombondee Restaurant scam


 Offers sub-standard food at hugely inflated prices. The driver gets a kick-back for delivering you there.

• The Gem scam


 This is a classic Thai scam. Paying thousands of baht for some nice pieces of glass.

• Bird seed or bracelet


 A local approaches you and places a bracelet around your wrist as a gift, or hands you a bag of free bird seed and
encourages you to spread it around to feed the birds.

• Fake baht
 When you attempt to pay for goods with a banknote, the shopkeeper will claim it is counterfeit.

BUSINESS ETHICS & SUSTAINABILITY: GROUP 4 - THAILAND/PFIZER 12


Team Recommendations - Overall Integrity status for doing
business/Avoid business

The overall integrity status for doing business in Thailand is really good and opens opportunities for all types people
to start their businesses in Thailand.

Following are some reasons:


• The Gateway to Asia
• Ease of doing business
• Growing Economy
• FDI Policies
• Government Support and Incentives for Foreign Investors
• Education and Healthcare Services
• Strong Corporate Governance

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Company Background

• Pfizer Inc. is an American multinational pharmaceutical and biotechnology corporation headquartered on 42nd Street in
Manhattan, New York City

• Company was established in 1849 in New York by two German immigrants, Charles Pfizer and Charles F. Erhart

• The company’s first product, a palatable anti-parasitic drug, produced to taste like toffee, brought into spotlight Pfizer’s skills as
a chemist with Erhart’s skills as a confectioner. The drug was a success.

• Pfizer grew massively during American Civil War when it mass produced painkillers and antiseptics for the American Army

• The next spur of growth was fueled by it’s mass production capabilities of citric acid (early 1900s) via mould fermentation of
molasses in laboratory

• In 1944, Pfizer succeeded in mass-producing Penicillin, becoming the largest producer in the world of the so-called “Miracle
drug”

• Pfizer became the first company to gain full approval this year from the Food & Drug Administration (FDA) for its vaccine
against COVID-19 after receiving Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) from the agency in December 2020

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Company Background
• Some of Pfizer’s major acquisitions over the years:
 Warner Lambert (Type of Business: Pharmaceuticals, Acquisition Date: 2000, Motive: Acquire rights to Lipitor, a synthetic lipid-
lowering agent)
 Pharmacia (Type of Business: Pharmaceuticals, Acquisition Date: 2003, Motive: Full rights to Celebrex, a blockbuster arthritis drug)
 Wyeth (Type of Business: Pharmaceuticals, Acquisition Date: 2009, Motive: Prevnar, a vaccine for infants against pneumococcal
disease; and Enbrel, an arthritis drug)
 Hospira (Type of Business: Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices, Acquisition Date: 2015, Motive: Acquiring Hospira's biosimilars
pipeline, a knockoff of more expensive biotech drugs)
 Medivation (Type of Business: Biopharmaceuticals, Acquisition Date: 2016, Motive: Acquiring XTANDI, a drug for treating prostate
cancer and other oncology treatments)
 Array Biopharma (Type of Business: Biopharmaceuticals, Acquisition Date: 2019, Motive: Improve and expand portfolio of cancer
treatments, especially through the addition of BRAFTOVI and MEKTOVI; both drugs used to treat skin cancers)
 Trillium Therapeutics (Type of Business: Biopharmaceuticals, Acquisition Date: 2021, Motive: Trillium is developing two biologics,
the molecules TTI-622 and TTI-621, to help treat blood, bone marrow, and lymph-node cancers)

• Recent Financials:
 Market capitalization (FY 2021): $304.6 billion
 Revenue (FY 2020): $41.90 billion
 Net income (FY 2020): $9.61 billion

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Pfizer’s Purpose & Values
Purpose

“Breakthroughs that change patients’ life”

Values

 Courage
 Excellence
 Equity
 Joy

Bold Moves

 Unleash the power of our people


 Deliver first in class science
 Transform our go-to-market model
 Win the digital race in pharma
 Lead the conversation

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Key Business Model
• Pfizer’s new approach is to be more focused, global leader in science based innovative medicine and vaccines

• Post fourth quarter of 2020, Pfizer operates in a single operating segment i.e., biopharmaceutical products

• The NEW entity engages in following activities worldwide:


 Discovery
 Development
 Manufacturing
 Marketing
 Sales
 Distribution

• Regional commercial organizations market, distribute and sell Pfizer's’ products

• Majority revenue is derived from the manufacture and sales of products, principally biopharmaceutical products.

• A minority portion of revenues is derived from alliance agreements, under which Pfizer co-promotes products
developed/discovered by other companies or themselves.

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Key Products
Pfizer’s business includes the following 6 therapeutic areas and key products:

Therapeutic Area Brief Description Key Products


Internal Medicine Medicines primarily for cardiovascular metabolism and pain Eliquis, Chantix/Champix
Oncology Oncology brands of biologics, small molecules, Ibrance, Xtandi, Sutent, Inlyta,
immunotherapies for cancers Retacrit, Lorbrena, Braftovi
Hospital Includes sterile injectable and anti-infective medicines, as Sulperazon, Medrol, Zithromax, Vfend,
well as Pfizer CentreOne (contract manufacturing and Panzyga
active pharmaceutical ingredient sales operation)
Vaccines Includes vaccines for pneumococcal disease, Prevnar 13/Prevenar 13, Nimenrix,
meningococcal disease, tickborne encephalitis and COVID- IMMUNTicoVac, Trumenba, Pfizer-
19 BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine
Inflammation & Includes medicine for chronic immune and inflammatory Xeljanz, Enbrel, Inflectra and
Immunology diseases Eucrisa/Staquis
Rare Disease Includes brands for rare diseases, including amyloidosis, Vyndaqel/Vyndamax, BeneFIX,
hemophilia and endocrine diseases Genotropin

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Key Geographies

• Pfizer operates and markets its products in over 125 countries worldwide
• 42 manufacturing facilities distributed globally support biopharmaceuticals group
• Company has 78,500 employees globally (2020)
• Approximately 300 contract manufacturers
• Approximately 9500 suppliers
• Manufacturing facilities are spread over North and South America, Europe, Asia, Australia and Africa
• By total revenues, China and Japan are the two largest national markets outside the U.S

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Key Competitors
Eli Lily & Co. Novartis AG

• Market Cap: $257.6 billion • Market Cap: $210.0 billion


• Revenue (FY 2020): $24.5 billion • Revenue (FY 2020): $49.9 billion
• Net Income (FY 2020): $6.2 billion • Net Income (FY 2020): $8.1 billion
• Top Drug by Revenue (FY 2020): • Top Drug by Revenue (FY 2020):
Trulicity Cosentyx

Roche Holding AG

• Market Cap: $344.4 billion


• Revenue (FY 2020): $62.2 billion
• Net Income (FY 2020): $15.3 billion
• Top Drug by Revenue (FY 2020):
Avastin

AbbVie Inc. Merck & Co. Inc.

• Market Cap: $211.4 billion • Market Cap: $198.7 billion


• Revenue (FY 2020): $45.8 billion • Revenue (FY 2020): $48.0 billion
• Net Income (FY 2020): $4.6 billion • Net Income (FY 2020): $7.1 billion
• Top Drug by Revenue (FY 2020): • Top Drug by Revenue (FY 2020):
Humira Keytruda

BUSINESS ETHICS & SUSTAINABILITY: GROUP 4 - THAILAND/PFIZER 20


CSR @ Pfizer

Cancer Care Initiative Combat India’s AMR Challenge

There are countries with a limited health infrastructure, a • Pfizer Ltd. continues to focus on the growing menace of
scarcity of oncology specialists and patients’ inability to afford anti-microbial resistance.
cancer treatment. The project’s aim is to serve as a one-stop, • Flagship programme under this umbrella - Project
information and support program for patients and families. Key Parivartan focusses on addressing the current Infection
activities include: Prevention and Control (IPC) challenges in healthcare
• Setting up Health and Wellness Kiosks facilities
• Community Outreach Programs • Pfizer along with AIF, will launch an Online Learning
• Setup and operationalize Patient Referral and Tracking Platform for healthcare workers to ensure that they have
Platform access to quality training on IPC across India
• Manage and operate Virtual Patient Helpdesk
Village Transformation Project
COVID-19 relief efforts
Pfizer Ltd., in partnership with BAIF, has embarked on a
Key interventions include: holistic village transformation intervention. The objective of the
• Donation of protective N95 masks program is to:
• Providing state-of-the-art ventilators • Improve access and availability of drinking water all-round
• Assisting migrant workers with food relief the year
• COVID-19 relief facility for frontline workers • Ensure access to nutrition, sanitation and healthcare
• Essential medicine donations facilities
• Supporting quarantine facilities • Improve livelihood options through an increase in
productivity and diversification

BUSINESS ETHICS & SUSTAINABILITY: GROUP 4 - THAILAND/PFIZER 21


PEOPLE @ Pfizer

Salient Human Rights Diversity and Inclusion at Pfizer

• Principle of Non-Discrimination • Formation of Colleague Resource Groups (CRGs) to


• Right to Privacy help drive inclusion and professional development
• Freedom from Slavery and Forced Labour • Groups are site-based and open to join for anyone
• Right to Enjoy just and favourable working conditions • CRGs offer support, development opportunities,
• Right to a Safe Workplace mentoring and networking opportunities
• Right to a Healthy Environment • Pfizer’s CRGs are aligned to following communities:
• Asian: Global Asian Alliance (GAA)
Woman Empowerment • Black: Global Black Community (GBC)
• Individuals with Disabilities: disAbility
• Sincere commitment to increase workforce diversity • Latino/Hispanic: Pfizer Latino Community
• 2020: Representation of women at the VP level and • LGBTQ+ Allies: Out Pfizer Employee Network
above was 38 percent globally (up 5 percent from 2019) (OPEN)
• Goal 2025: 47 percent for women (globally) in Vice • Veterans: Veterans in Pfizer (VIP)
President (VP) roles and above • Women: Pfizer Women’s Resource Group (PWR)
• Workforce (2020): Of 78,500 employees globally, • To help build strong foundations of CRGs, Pfizer
women comprise of 48% of the entire workforce partners with external organizations such as Catalyst,
ELC, HACR, HRC, Disability:IN, Ascend and more.

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PEOPLE - Supplier Conduct Principles
Pfizer is committed to implementing the “Pharmaceutical Industry Principles for Responsible Supply Chain Management” (the
“Principles”) which address five areas of responsible business practices - ethics, labor, health and safety, environment, and management
systems.

Ethics Health & Safety


• Business Integrity and Fair Competition • Worker Protection
• Identification of Concerns • Process Safety
• Animal Welfare • Emergency Preparedness and Response
• Privacy • Hazard Information

Labour Management Systems


• Freely Chosen Employment • Commitment and Accountability
• No child labour and young workers • Legal and Customer Requirements
• Non-discrimination • Risk Management
• Fair Treatment • Documentation
• Compliance to Minimum Wages, Benefits and working hours • Training and Competency
• Freedom of Association • Continual Improvement (PDCA principle)

Environment
• Comply with all Environmental Regulations
• Systems for safe handling of Waste and Emissions
• Systems to prevent and mitigate Spills and Releases

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PLANET
Environmental sustainability

• Committed to protect environment and community by reducing GHG emissions


• Risk assessments and reports aligned with Task Force of climate related financial disclosures
• Environmental performance and improvement
• Procure and manufacture environmental preferable products
• Sustainable medicines
• Smarter packaging to reduce environmental footprint
• Multifaceted approach for waste and water management

Carbon neutral initiatives

• Aim to become carbon neutral by 2030 across internal operations


• Greenhouse gas reduction goals aligned with 1.5 degree Celsius

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PLANET - Key Performance Indicators

Particulars Value for the Year 2020


Greenhouse Gas Emission 1.35 million metric tons of Carbon dioxide
Waste Disposed 103.12 million kilograms
Waste Recycled 65 million kilograms
Water Withdrawal 14.01 million cubic meters
Supply Chain Environmental Sustainability 90%
Hazardous Waste Disposed 82.2 million kilograms
Hazardous Waste Recycled 46.1 million kilograms
Non-Hazardous Waste Disposed 20.9 million kilograms
Non-Hazardous Waste Recycled 18.9 million kilograms
Energy Use 16.7 million gigajoules
Total Injury and Illness Rate 0.27 recorded cases per 200,000 hours worked
Loss Time Injury and Illness Rate 0.33 lost time cases per 200,000 hours worked
Fleet Safety 6.29 collisions per million kilometers driven
Supplier EHS Assessments 46
Ozone Depletion Potential 3911 kilograms R-11 equivalents

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PROFIT
Code of Conduct
• To ensure maintaining exacting standards of professionalism in business practices
• Emphasis on 4 values i.e., Courage, Excellence, Equity and Joy

Governance Process
• Approach to good health & well being, gender equality and peace, gender and strong institution
• Ethics, transparency and quality
• Accountability of the board of directors and board committees

Human Rights
• Focus on risks impacting patients, colleagues, workers and community
• Aim to align strategies and operations with universal principles of human rights and labour laws

Anti-bribery and anti-corruption policies


• Committed towards performing business with integrity and within the boundaries of law and regulations
• Company is engaged into ethical business practices
• Strong internal controls in place

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PROFIT
Key Stakeholders include
• Patients, caregivers and healthy individuals
• Physicians and allied health professionals
• Governments, policymakers and public health organizations
• Patient advocacy groups
• Colleagues and industry partners
• Academic Institutions
• Shareholders and analysts
• Hospital and pharmacies
• Customers and suppliers
• Media

Product Recall Issues


• Recalled specified batches of products from pharmacy and wholesale suppliers in 2021 due to presence of levels of N-nitroso-
varenicline above the acceptable limit

Instances of Violations/Frauds/Legal Lapses


• In 2009, off label promotions of the products Bextra, Geodon, Zyvox and Lyrica, settlement of $2.3 Billion
• In 2004, off label promotions of the product Neurontin; settlement of $430 million
• Both the violations were under the False Claims Act and Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act

BUSINESS ETHICS & SUSTAINABILITY: GROUP 4 - THAILAND/PFIZER 27


Company Best Practices

• Putting the science of engaging the stakeholders to work to benefit the patients and global health community
• To ensure that the manufacture, use and disposal of the company products do not adversely affect human health or
environment
• Support human rights of the people around the world through access to medicines and strengthening of health care system
• Beyond colleague health and safety
• Meeting commitments as responsible manufacturers of antibiotics
• Meeting environment sustainability goals with integrity and strong governance practices

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Sustainability/GRI Reports and Measurements

The company has filed Environmental, Social and Governance Report for the calendar year 2020

Approaches to support UN Sustainable Development Goals:

• Industry, innovation and infrastructure


• Responsible consumption and production
• Climate Action
• Good health and well-being
• Gender equality
• Decent work and economic growth
• Reduced inequalities
• Partnership for the goals
• Peace, justice and strong institutions

The company aligns its report with Global Reporting Initiative, The Sustainability Accounting Standards Board
(SASB) and Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures and UN Sustainable Development Goals

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Approach to Environment, Social and Governance

• Unleash the power of our people


• Deliver first-in-class science
• Transform our go-to-market model
• Win the digital race in pharma
• Lead the conversation

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Challenges/Obstacles in driving Sustainability

The company needs to monitor, manage and prioritize the various issues of the stakeholders regarding the business
strategies, operations and regulations

• Environmental climate changes


• Product innovation and availability of fossil fuel alternate technologies
• Healthcare infrastructure
• Equitable access
• Product effectiveness, safety and pricing
• Employee diversity and equity
• Responsible supply value chain
• Data privacy
• Ethical conduct, laws and regulations

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Key Takeaways

• Pfizer, by the virtue of being in the biopharma business which revolves around lives has a strong focus on the
welfare and goodwill of people and environment. Its refined and exhaustive human centric policies (internal
and external) are indicative of ethical practices followed by the company, globally.

• Post streamlining of their business segment(s), a renewed focus on R&D, rapid expansion and mergers and
acquisitions must not put the welfare of human capital in the backseat. Pfizer must maintain and continue its
human centric policies.

• Pfizer continued to play a pivotal role during the spread of COVID 19 with its vaccine developed in
conjunction with BioNTech.

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Thank you!

BUSINESS ETHICS & SUSTAINABILITY: GROUP 4 - THAILAND/PFIZER 33

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