TYPES OF

SATELLITE
(BASED ON ORBITS)

BY :PREETHESH P
What is a satellite?
• A celestial body that orbits around any planet
• Eg : Moon is a satellite of earth (natural satellite)

There are are two types of satellite

• Natural satellite
• Artificial satellite ( Man made )
• On October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union launched the earth's first
artificial satellite, Sputnik I. An active satellite is capable of
receiving, amplifying, reshaping, regeneration,and retransmision
of information,
• It transmitted data for 21 days.
A satellite remains in its orbit because the centrifugal force caused by its rotation around the earth

Keplers 1st law state that a satellite will orbit a primary body following an elliptical path

Orbits of satellite and their properties

• Most of the satellite is orbital satellite which is also known as Non synchronous Satellite
• Non synchronous satelitte rotate around earth in elliptical or circulr path
• In circular orbits speed is constant
• In elliptical orbit the speed depends on the height of the satellite is above the earth,speed of the
satellite is greater the satellite is nearer to earth
• When the satellite orbiting in the same direction that of earth with greater angular velocity to
that of earth then orbit is known as posigrade orbits or prograde orbit
• Most of the non synchronous satellite revolve around the earth in prograde orbit
• If the satellite is orbiting in ghe opposite direction or having less angular velocity to that of earth
then it is known as reteograde orbit
Sateliites are clasified in to thee types based on there orbits
1. (LEO) Low earth orbit
• Orbiting time: 10-40 minutes
• Orbit height from earth surface: 500 to 1500 km
• Life of the satellite in the orbit : short(5-8 years)
• Number of satellite requiered to cover entire earth : 40-80
• Orbiting time: 10-40 minutes
• Orbit height from earth surface: 500 to 1500 km
• Life of the satellite in the orbit : short(5-8 years)
• Number of satellite in the orbit of earth : 40-80
• Most of the LEO satellite operate in the 1.0-GHz to 2.5-GHz fequencyrang,the main advantag of LEO satellite is that
the path loss between earth station and space vehicles is much lower than for satellite revolving in medium or
high altitude orbits.
• Less path loss equates to lower transmit powers,smaller antennas,and less weight.
• As it is near to earth it provides the bettr signal quality with low latency
• Hence less power is needed for transmittion is about 1 watt
• Example: Hubble space telescope,EOS-01,RISAT-2B
• At present there are about 1900 satellite in earths orbit
 2: (MEO) MEDIUM EARTH ORBIT
• Orbiting time: 2-8 hours
• Orbit height from earth surface: 5000 to 12000 km
• Life of the satellite in the orbit : long
• Number of satellite requiered to cover entier region of earth: 8-20
• Most of the MEO satellites operate in the 1.2-GHz to 1.66-GHz fequencyrange
• Hence the time delay from earth to satellite is 40ms
• The system is expensive tan LEO and cheaper than GEO
• Signals are week so Power required is more to avoid pathloos
• Molniya orbit
• It has inclination of 63.4 and period of 12 hours,A satellite spends its most of its orbit above the chosen
area in hight altitude
• These satellite cover the polar region
• Present there are 139 MEO Satellites in space
• Example : Glonass
3: (GEO) Geostationary earth orbit

• Orbiting time: 24 hours

• Orbit height from earth surface: 35800 km
• Life of the satellite in the orbit : long
• Number of satellite in the orbit of earth : 3
• Most of the GEO staellites operate in the 2.0-GHz to 18 -GHz fequencyrang
• Most commercial communication satellite is presnt in this orbit
• These satellite are those which orbit in circular path with anglura velocity same to earth
• These satellite are fixxed at a point
• Example :GOES-R weather satellite
Which is the most distant human made
satellite which is still alive and transmitting ?
• The voyager 1 (1977)
• Which has left the solar system in 2021 and
it kepp transmiiting till 2030 (approx)
• It uses 23watt radio signals,its about 19
hours to recive the signal from the satellite
• THANK YOU