Bahir Dar Institute of Technology

Faculty of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering

IC Engines and Reciprocating Machines

A Course Delivered to Fourth Year Mechanical

Engineering Students

Prepared by: Dr. Bimrew Tamrat

 Chapter –One
Introduction to IC Engines and Reciprocating
Machines
1. Introduction
 An internal combustion (IC) engine is a device in which
the chemical energy of the fuel is released inside the
engine and used directly for mechanical work.
Examples:
o Piston Engines, Gas Turbine Engines (open cycle),
Rocket Engines
 An engine, such as a gasoline or diesel engine, in
which fuel is burned inside the engine
 Designed to be run on any fuel that vaporizes easily
or on any flammable gas
 2. History of internal combustion (IC) engines
Both power generation and refrigeration are usually
accomplished by systems that operate on a thermodynamic
cycle: power cycles and refrigeration cycles.
 Power producing devises: engines
 Refrigeration producing devices: refrigerators, air‐
conditioners and heat pumps.
◦ 1770s- Steam engines (external combustion engines)
◦ 1860- Lenoir engines (Efficiency = 5%)
◦ 1867- Otto-Langen engine (Efficiency = 11%, 90 RPM max.)
◦ 1876- Otto four stroke ‘’Spark ignition engine” (Efficiency =
14%, 90 RPM max.)
◦ 1880s – Two stroke engines
◦ 1892 – Diesel four stroke ‘’Compression ignition” engine
◦ 1957 – Wankel ‘’rotary ‘’ engines
Two Stroke CI Engine
This is a type where the intake is operated through
ports and exhaust through valves
Wankel Engines
o It is rotary type of engine
3. Cylinder Arrangement
 Refers to the position of the cylinders in relation to the
crankshaft
 There are five basic cylinder arrangements:
 inline
 V-type
 slant
 W-type
 opposed
Cylinder Arrangement
Horizontally Opposed
In - Line
V configuration
End of Chapter-1