External & Internal

structures of
mammalian heart
Group
Cooperation
Presented by Aung Phone Myat (299)
Colleagues- 291,296,297,298,299,300,301,303,305,307,312,315
 HEART
♥ A component of cardiovascular system

♥ A Pump organ

♥ Located in thoracic cavity , between the lungs , behind the

sternum and above the diaphragm

♥ Surrounded by a double-membraned sac , the pericardium

 EXTERNAL STRUCTURE OF HEART
1. Inner endocardium
♥ Wall is three-layered 2. Middle myocardium
3. Outer epicardium

♥ It is about the size of our fist ( length- 11.41cm, width- 8.21cm)

♥ an adult male heart 250 – 390g

♥ an adult female heart 200 – 275g

♥ The muscle of which the heart is made is called cardiac muscle

 Coronary arteries
On the surface are coronary arteries

They supply oxygenated blood to the heart Circumflex

Left
Four major coronary arteries Aorta anterior
1. Right coronary artery Descending
2. Left main coronary artery artery
3. Left anterior descending artery
4. Left circumflex artery Right
Coronary
artery
 INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF HEART
♥ Is Four-chambered; two atria and two ventricles

♥ Right heart(right atrium + right ventricle)

♥ Left heart(left atrium + left ventricle)

♥ The Left heart contains oxygenated blood

♥ The Right heart contains deoxygenated blood

 Septum
Left
atrium
♥ Septum which separates two atria is called Right
Atrial
interatrial septum atrium
septum

Ventricular
♥ Septum which separates two ventricles is septum
called interventricular septum
Left
ventricle
Right
ventricle
 Valves

Four valves

♥ Tricuspid valve located between right atrium and right

ventricle
♥ Bicuspid(mitral) valve located between left atrium and left
ventricle
♥ Pulmonary valve located between the right ventricle and
pulmonary artery
♥ Aortic valve located between the left ventricle and the aorta
 FUNCTION OF VALVES

♥ Keep blood moving through the heart in the right

direction

♥ Mitral valve and tricuspid valve control blood flow from

atria to ventricles

♥ Aortic and pulmonary valve control blood flow out of

ventricles
 Natural pace makers

♥ Two pace makers conduct normal electrical impulse

♥ S A node – upper wall of right atrium S A node

A V node

♥ A V node - back section of interatrial septum

Left bundle
branch

Right bundle
branch
 Beating of heart
Semilunar
Anterior vena
valve Aorta
♥ Average heart beat is 72 beats per minute cava
Pulmonary
artery
Right and left
atria
♥ The two phases of cardiac cycle Pulmonary
veins

Antrioventricular
valve
- Systole – when the heart muscle contracts

- Diastole – when the heart muscle relaxes Posterior vena

cava Right and
Diastole left
ventricles
Systole
Thank You for your attention
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