Structure of the heart

ANAPHY LAB / PPT-BASED/ FINALS

GENERALITIES Endocardium
Normal wt:
• Deepest layer of the heart
o 280 - 340 gms males
• Smooth lining to reduce friction of blood flow
o 230 - 280 gms females
Myocardium
• Right side – receives deoxygenated blood from
body & pumps it into lungs • Middle layer of the heart

• Left side – receives oxygenated blood from • Location of muscle fibers responsible for
lungs & pumps it into aorta pumping

Pericardium

PERICARDIUM • Outer protective layer

• Composed of visceral pericardium, Pericardial

cavity, Parietal pericardium

PARTS OF THE HEART

The pericardium is a fibroserous sac that

encloses the heart and the roots of great vessels.

➔ Restrict excessive movements of the

heart

➔ Serve as a lubricated container

HISTOLOGIC LAYERS OF THE HEART INTERNAL ANATOMY OF THE HEART
Structure of the heart
ANAPHY LAB / PPT-BASED/ FINALS

Atria

● small, thin-walled chambers

● Receive blood from Right side (sup and

inf vena cava) & Left side (pulmonary
veins)

Ventricles

● The walls of the left ventricle are 3x

thicker than those of the right

● Propel blood to the pulmonary trunk

(right ventricle), Aorta (left ventricle)

2 Major Types:
Right Atrium
1. Atrioventricular (AV) Valves
Receives deoxygenated blood from the inf vena
● Lie between the atria and ventricles
cava below and from the superior vena cava
above. ● Right AV valve- Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle ● Left AV valve- Bicuspid or Mitral Valve
Receives blood from the right atrium through 1. Semilunar Heart valves
the tricuspid valve
● Aortic SL valve lies between the left
Left atrium ventricle and aorta
Receives oxygenated blood from 4 pulmonary ● Pulmonary SL valve lies between the
veins which drain posteriorly right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
Left ventricle

The wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the Atrioventricular valves Semilunar Valves
right ventricle but the structure is similar

Right AV (Tricuspid) Pulmonary valve

HEART VALVES
Left AV (Bicuspid) Aortic valve
Structure of the heart
ANAPHY LAB / PPT-BASED/ FINALS

HEART SOUNDS ARTERIAL SUPPLY OF THE HEART

1. First (“Lub”) Sound

● Is caused by the closure of the tricuspid

and mitral valves at the onset of
ventricular systole.

2. Second (“Dub”) Sound

● Is caused by the closure of the aortic and

pulmonary valves at the onset of
ventricular diastole.

Right and Left coronary arteries

● Arise from the Ascending aorta

immediately above the aortic valve.

>>>RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY

Supplies

● Right atrium and ventricle

ASCULTATORY AREAS Branches

● SA Nodal Artery

● Marginal Artery

● Posterior IV (Posterior Descending)

Artery

● AV Nodal Artery
Structure of the heart
ANAPHY LAB / PPT-BASED/ FINALS

>>>LEFT CORONARY ARTERY GREAT VESSELS

● Ascending Aorta
Branches
● Arch of the Aorta
● Left anterior descending (LAD) or
Anterior interventricular artery (lies in ● Superior Vena Cava
anterior IV sulcus)
● Pulmonary Trunk
● Left circumflex artery

● Left marginal artery (obtuse marginal

artery)

VENOUS DRAINAGE OF THE HEART

● Coronary Sinus

● Great Cardiac Vein

● Middle Cardiac Vein

● Small Cardiac Vein

● Anterior Cardiac Vein

Structure of the heart
ANAPHY LAB / PPT-BASED/ FINALS
Structure of the heart
ANAPHY LAB / PPT-BASED/ FINALS