Basic to Material

Testing
SURYADI, ST., MT.
Properties of Material

Chemical Properties

Mechanical Properties

Corrosion Properties

Metallurgical Properties
 Optical emission spectroscopy (OES)

X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF)

Chemical X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)

Properties

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS)

Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy

(EDX)
Optical emission spectroscopy (OES)

• Destructive test
• To check elements content in metals
• Ferrous alloys
• Non-ferrous alloys
• Results in elements weight %
• Useful for metals verification
• Apparatus type:
• Desktop
• Portable
Optical emission spectroscopy (OES)

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X-ray Fluorescence (XRF)

• Destructive & Non-destructive test

• To check elements content in substance (metal & non-metal)
• Results in element weight %
• Apparatus type:
• Desktop
• Portable (PMI)
• Desktop is used usually for powder analysis
• Portable (PMI) for on-site material grading
X-ray Fluorescence (XRF)

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X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)

• Destructive test
• To check compounds content in substance (usually non-metal)
• Apparatus type:
• Desktop
• Results in compounds identity and formula
• Usually used to analyze corrosion products, deposits, scales, etc.
X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)

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 Tensile test
Mechanical
Properties Hardness test

Impact test
Tensile test

• Destructive test
• To check tensile strength of materials (metal & non-metal)
• Results in:
• Ultimate tensile strength
• Yield strength
• Elongation
Tensile test

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Hardness test

• Destructive test
• To check hardness of metals (ferrous & non-ferrous)
• Apparatus type:
• Desktop
• Portable
• Test methods:
• Brinell
• Rockwell
• Vickers
• Knoop
• Hardness Brinell (BHN) is proportional with Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS)
Hardness test
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Impact test

• Destructive test
• To check the metal capacity to absorb energy (toughness)
• To check ductile-to-brittle transition temperature
• Test methods:
• Charpy (America)
• Izod (Europe)
Impact test
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 Exposure test

Immersion test
Corrosion
Properties
Linear Polarization Resistance
test
Salt spray test
Exposure test

• To check corrosion rate under atmospheric environment / gaseous

environment
• Corrosion rate is calculated from weight loss after exposure
• Uses corrosion coupon
• Time consuming test
Exposure test

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Immersion test

• To check corrosion rate under aqueous environment

• Corrosion rate is calculated from weight loss after exposure and/or
loss of wall thickness
• Uses corrosion coupon
• Time consuming test
Immersion test

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Linear Polarization Resistance Test

• To check corrosion rate by polarization method

• Corrosion rate is calculated from corrosion current generated during
polarization
• Quick method
Linear Polarization Resistance Test

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 Microstructure

Phase

Metallurgical
Grain
Properties

Inclusion
Intermetallic
Metallurgical Properties Test

• Stereomacrophotography
• Metallography
• Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
• Micro-Vickers
Stereomacrophotography

• To observe the general features on fracture surface and etched cross

section
• To observed fiber flow in metals
• To observe corrosion profile on metals
Stereomacrophotography

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Metallography

• To observe the microstructural features in the metals

• To observe layers on the surface of metals
• To analyze phase transformation
Metallogrpahy

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Scanning electron microscope

• To observed microstructural features under higher magnification

• Parallel analysis using EDX can be performed on the surface being
analyzed
Scanning electron
microscope

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Thank you
QUESTIONS?