Responsi morfologi

batang
Plant morphology BESP 2021
 GROUP 3

01 02
Aura Albizia Tanjung Cinta Amanda
(4211141012)
Nainggolan
(4213141019)

03 04
Klaranta Sipayung Rizka Nurani Hutasoit
(4213141012)
4213141049
Title : Stem Morphology Characteristics

DESTINATION :
1. Observe the nature of plant stems.
2. Observe the shape of plant stems.
3. Observing various surface conditions of plant stems.
4. Observing the direction of growth of plant stems.
 TOOLS AND MATERIALS

1. Magnifying glass, pencil, measuring tool

2. Mung bean stalks (Phaseolus vulgaris) / string beans (Vigna
sinensis Endl)
3. Corn stalks (Zea mays)
4. Orchid stems (Orchidaceae)
5. Sweet potato stalks (Ipomea batatas)
6. Stem rose (Rossa sp.) / bougenvil (Bougenvill sp.)
7. Cactus stem (Ovuntia vulgaris)
8. Pumpkin stalks (Cucurbita moschata L.) / watermelon
(Citrulus vulgaris L.)
9. Cassava stems (Manihot utilisima, L)
 01
OBSERVATION DATA
Green bean stem (Phaseolus vulgaris)

CHARACTERISTICS : STEM SHAPE :

round (terres)
- The stems of green beans
are round and small in size.
- Reddish green or brown in STEM SURFACE CONDITION : ribbed
color.
(costatus) and hairy (pilosus)
- Each book contained in the
stem has one leaf stalk.
- Grows upright and
STEM GROWING DIRECTION :
generally the stem of this
plant grows up to 1m and the Oblique upward (ascending) and
branches spread in all
simpodial branching
directions
Corn stalks (Zea mays)

STEM SHAPE :
CHARACTERISTICS :
Round (terrace) or

- Corn stalks are segmented and not cylindrical

perfectly round in shape
The stem of the corn plant consists
STEM SURFACE
of the outer skin (epidermis), vascular
tissue and the center of the stem CONDITION :
- Corn stalks are wrapped in leaf Slick (laevis)
sheaths that emerge from the book
- Corn stalks are very strong and
sturdy, but do not contain much STEM GROWING
lignin (wood substance) DIRECTION :
- The outside of the corn stalk is hard
and the inside is textured like a cork Perpendicular (erectus)
and monopodial
 Orchid stems (Orchidaceae)

CHARACTERISTICS : STEM SHAPE :

- The stem of the orchid plant is
segmented Round (teres), Thick
- the stem is stiff like a tuber
- Ground orchids have short stems and STEM SURFACE
are shaped like tubers
- Epiphytic orchids have fairly thick stems CONDITION :
and are protected by a layer of wax to Smooth / slippery (laevis)
prevent excessive evaporation
- grows lengthwise (monopodial) or wide
(simpodial) according to the genus. STEM GROWING
- based on the place of growth: epiphytic, DIRECTION :
terrestrial, saprophyte, lithophyte
- the type of stem is wet stem Hanging (pendulus)
(herbaceus)
Sweet potato stalks (Ipomea batatas)

CHARACTERISTICS : STEM SHAPE :

round (terres)
- plant stem round, not woody,
with nodes and the type of
growth propagate (spread). STEM SURFACE CONDITION :
- Plant stem length between 1
Slippery (leavis)
- 2 m. rod size divided into 3
types, namely large, medium, STEM GROWING DIRECTION :
and small.
Spread (repens)
- Stem color usually dark
green to purplish
Rose stem (Rossa sp.)

CHARACTERISTICS : STEM SHAPE :

round (terres)
 Roses have stems that are
round and long, branched,
and have sharp thorns. STEM SURFACE CONDITION :
 The stems are relatively
A thorny (spinosus) stem surface
small, gray, brownish, and
green like moss.
 The relatively small size of
STEM GROWING DIRECTION :
the stem makes the rose
plant very vulnerable to Perpendicular (Erectus)
attack by predators of the
plant.
Stem cactus (Ovuntia vulgaris)

CHARACTERISTICS : STEM SHAPE :

Kladodia
• The shape of the cactus stem
is round, cylindrical, slender,
and long like a pole. STEM SURFACE CONDITION :
• The size varies, from a short
A thorny (spinosus) stem surface
size of more than 20 meters.
• The surface of the stem STEM GROWING DIRECTION :
grows convex grooves as a
Perpendicular (Erectus)
place for the attachment of
the thorns
Pumpkin stem (Cucurbita moschata L.)

CHARACTERISTICS :
•Pumpkins grow vines or
creepers with hooks on the STEM SHAPE :
stem and are rarely woody. Pentagon
•The hook on the pumpkin
stem is circular in shape like a
STEM SURFACE CONDITION :
spiral.
Hairy (pilosus) stem surface
•The stems of this plant are
light green in color and have
STEM GROWING DIRECTION :
fine hairs and are firmly rooted.
Creeping (repens)
•The length of the trunk
reaches more than 5 meters.
Cassava Stalk (Manihot utilisima L.)

CHARACTERISTICS :
• cylindrical rod with 2–6 cm in
diameter,
STEM SHAPE :
• segmented in the form of lumps of
leaf stalks that have fallen Round (teres)
alternately arranged,
• plant height 1.5–5 m
STEM SURFACE CONDITION :
• young stem is green and after old is
whitish, gray or gray green, reddish Show leaf marks stem surface
and brown depending on the
variety
STEM GROWING DIRECTION :
• some are branched and some are
unbranched depending on the Perpendicular (Erectus)
variety and environment.
 CONCLUSION:
stem shapes found from observed specimens :

a. . Round : green beans, Corn stem ( Zea mays), Orchid stem(Orchidaceae), Rosa sp, cassava
b. .pentagon (pentangular) : Yellow pumpkin (Cucurbitamos chata L)
c. kladopodia : Cactus (Ovuntia vulgaris)
Types of stems based on the surface conditions of the plant stems on the observed
specimens
1. ribbed (costatus) on green beans.
2. Leavis slippery on corn ( zea mays) stem, orchid (Orchidaceae
3. hairy (pilosus) on green beans, Yellow pumpkin (Cucurbitamos chata L)
4. Spinosus om Rosa(Rosa sp ), cactus (Ovuntia vulgaris)
5. Showing the scars leaves : sweet potato and cassava stem.
 CONCULSION:
Types of stems based on the direction of growth of plant stems on the observed
specimen:

1. Perpendicular (erectus) on corn stem ( Zea mays), Rosa (Rossa sp.), Cactus
(Ovuntia vulgaris), cassava.
2. Creeping (repens) : Yellow pumpkin (Cucurbitamos chata L)
3. Spread (repens) : sweet potato
4. Hanging (pendulus) : Orchid stem (Orchidaceae)
5. Oblique upward (ascending) and simpodial branching) : green beans stem
So, Stems play a very important role for plants. Some of the functions of the stem are to
support plant parts that are on the soil surface such as leaves, flowers, fruit, seeds
and leaves. Expanding the field of assimilation through branching As a container for
transportation of water and nutrients as well as assimilation results Food storage
places Sometimes it can be as a means of reproduction. Stems have different types of
shapes, have different types of surfaces and different directions of stem growth.
 
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