Atom and molecules

Atoms are the smallest particles of matter.

Elements are only one type of atoms.
Thing is made up of atom and everything
around us.
Molecules are formed when atoms combined.
Compounds are made up of different types of
atom
Components of atom
 Nucleus - is at the center of atom

SUB-ATOMIC PARTICLES:

 Neutrons, no – uncharged (neutral) atomic particles.

They are located inside the nucleus.
 Protons,p+ – positively charged atomic particles.
They are located inside the nucleus.
 Electrons,e- are the negatively charged particles.
-

They are orbiting around the nucleus

ATOM
Democritus theories about Atom (460 BC)

 All atoms are small hard particles.

 Atoms are made of a single material formed
into different shapes and sizes.
 Atoms are always moving,
 Atoms form different materials by joining
together
 RUTHERFORD’S MODEL OF ATOM (1911)

-An atom consists of a positively charged

particles at the center of an atom called
nucleus.
 The mass of the atom is contributed mainly by
the nucleus.
 The size of the nucleus is very small as
compared to the size of the atom.
 - The electrons revolve around the nucleus in
well-defined orbits.
https://www.slideshare.net/NiharikaPande1/strut
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1EdTw4I6L0U
NEIL BOHR ATOM (1913)

- there are only certain orbits known as discrete orbits inside the atom in which electrons revolve around the nucleus.

- While revolving in its discrete orbits the electrons do not radiate energy.

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhAn8xZQ-d8
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S1LDJUu4nko
 John Dalton 1803- British chemist;
 Theories of John Dalton about Atom
 Matter is made up of atoms.
 All atoms of an element are identical.
 Atoms of different elements have different weights and
different chemical properties.
 Atoms of different elements combine in simple whole number to
form compounds
 Atoms cannot be created, divided, or destroyed.
 Elements are different in mass and size.
Bohr Theory on Atom
ATOMIC NUMBER, Z, - The atomic number is equal
to the number of protons in an atom.
No. of Protons = No. of Electrons

ATOMIC MASS OR MASS NUMBER , A , - is the

number of protons and neutrons in an atom
How to write an atom with mass number and atomic
number
Element Mass No. of No. of No. of
number electrons protons neutrons
Ni 59 28 28 31

Cr 52 24 24 28

Ag 108 47 47 61

Au 197 79 79 118