DETERMINANTS AND

MATRICES
WHAT IS A MATRIX?
A Matrix is just rectangular arrays of items
A typical matrix is a rectangular array of numbers arranged in rows
and columns.

 21 62 33 93
 
A   44 95 66 13 
3x4
77 38 79 33
SIZING A MATRIX
By convention matrices are “sized” using the number of rows (m) by
number of columns (n).
 21 62 33 93 7 3 2 
A   44 95 66 13  B  8 4 1 
3x4 3x3
77 38 79 33  6 5 9 
11 4 
14 7 
C   D  17 
4x2 16 8  1 x1
 
 22 3 
“SPECIAL” MATRICES

7 matrix
Square matrix: a square matrix is an mxn 3 2inwhich m = n.
B  8 4 1 
3x3
 6 5 9 
Vector: a vector is an mxn matrix where either m OR n = 1 (but not
both).
12 
9
X   Y  7 22 14
4 x1  4  1x 3
 
0
“SPECIAL” MATRICES
Scalar: a scalar is an mxn matrix where
1 x1
 
D  BOTH
17 m and n = 1.
0 0 
Zero matrix: an mxn matrix of zeros. 0  0 0 
3x 2
0 0 
Identity Matrix: a square (mxm) matrix with 1s on the diagonal and
zeros everywhere else.
1 0 0 
I  0 1 0 
3x3
0 0 1 
 TRANSPOSING A MATRIX
Matrix Transpose: is the mxn matrix obtained by interchanging the
rows and columns of a matrix (converting it to an nxm matrix)
12 
9
X   X '  12 9 4 0 
4 x1  4  1x 4
 
0
 21 44 77 
 21 62 33 93  62 95 38 
A   44 95 66 13  A'  
3x4 4 x3  33 66 79 
77 38 79 33  
 93 13 33 
 MATRIX ADDITION
Matrices can be added (or subtracted) as long as the 2 matrices are
the same size
 Simply add or subtract the corresponding components of each matrix.

1 2 3 5 6 7
A   B 
2 x3
7 8 9  2 x3
3 4 5 
1 2 3 5 6 7  1  5 2  6 3  7   6 8 10 
A B      
7 8 9 3 4 5  7  3 8  4 9  5  10 12 14 
 

A B  B  A
1 2 3 5 6 7  1  5 2  6 3  7   4 4 4 
A B     3 4 5    7  3 8  4 9  5    4 4 4 
 7 8 9       
SCALAR MULTIPICATION
- Scalar multiplication works like the distributive property with
algebraic expressions.
Given find 2A

=2A