NON TRADITIONAL

MANUFACTURING
ASSIGNMENT
TOPIC:- LASER BEAM MACHING

Submitted By:- Submitted to:-

JUGRAJ SINGH
11903201
 LASER BEAM MACHINING

The ‘LASER ‘word is for Light Amplification by

Stimulated Emission of Radiation.

Laser beam machining is a non-conventional machining

process, in which a laser is directed towards the work piece
for machining. This process uses thermal energy to remove
metal from metallic or nonmetallic surfaces. The laser is
electromagnetic radiation. It produces monochromatic light
which is in the form of an almost collimated beam that can be
focused optically on to very small spots of less than 0.002
mm dia.
Working Principle of Laser Beam Machining
■ In this process, the Laser Beam is called monochromatic
light, which is made to focus on the workpiece to be
machined by a lens to give extremely high energy density to
melt and vaporize any material.
■ The Laser Crystal (Ruby) is in the form of a cylinder as
shown in the above figure or Diagram with flat reflecting
ends which are placed in a flash lamp coil of about 1000W.
■ The Flash is simulated with the high-intensity white light
from Xenon. The Crystal gets excited and emits the laser
beam which is focused on the work piece by using the lens.
■ The beam produced is extremely narrow and can be focused
to a pinpoint area with a power density of 1000 kW/cm2.
Which produces high heat and the portion of the metal
is melted and vapourise.
 Working of Laser Beam Machining
■ At first laser material CO2 or other laser material is filled into discharge
tube.
■ After that the power supply is switched on which is used to light up the
flash lamp. The light from flash lamp is used to excite the electrons of
atom.
Then the atoms of laser material absorbs energy from the light energy
produced by flash lamp. Due to absorption of energy, the electron of atom
jump from lower energy level to higher energy level. But this is unstable
condition of atom.
■ When the atom reaches its absorption limit, it starts emitting energy
continuously. This energy is emitted in the form of highly amplified same
frequency and same wavelength coherent light.
■ This laser light released by atom is collected in the convex lens and is
directed towards the work piece.
■ As the laser falls on work piece, it starts the machining process by melting
or vaporizing material from contact surface of work piece.
Advantages of Laser Beam Machining

■ There is direct contact between the tool and the work

piece.
■ Machining of any material including nonmetal is
possible.
■ Drilling and cutting of areas not readily accessible are
possible.
■ The heat-affected zone is small because of the
collimated beam.
■ Extremely small holes can be machined.
■ There is no tool wear.
■ Soft materials like rubber and plastics can be machined.
Disadvantages of Laser Beam Machining

■ Its overall efficiency extremely low (10 to 15%).

■ The process is limited to thin sheets.
■ It has a very low material removal rate.
■ The machined holes are not round and straight.
■ The laser system is quite inefficient since the life of the lash
lamp is short.
■ Cost is high.
THANKYOU