COMPUTIONAL FLUID

DYANIMICS (CFD)

DR. NAVEEN G. PATIL

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
AJEENKYA DY PATIL INNOVATION
UNIVERSITY
 Course content

Introduction to CFD: Computational Fluid Dynamics,

Impact of CFD on engineering applications, Merits of
CFD. comparison with experimental and analytical
methods, Basic CFD process flow path Application of
CFD.
Governing Equations: Models of the flow, Reynold‘s,
Transport Theorem, The continuity equation, Momentum
Equation, Energy equation, Physical boundary conditions,
Forms of governing equations, Different laminar and
turbulent models used in CFD
Discretization Basic aspects, Techniques –
introduction to FDM, FVM and FEM, Finite
differences, Explicit and Implicit approaches,
Thomas algorithms –Numerical
Finite Volume Method:
Domain discretization, types of mesh and quality of
mesh, SIMPLE, pressure velocity coupling,
Checkerboard pressure field and staggered grid
approach Numerical
Methodology of CFDHT:
Objectives and importance of CFDHT, Steady one
dimensional heat conduction, Unsteady one-
dimensional conduction – Explicit, Crank-Nicolson and
Fully Implicit schemes, Two and three dimensional heat
Conduction, Over relaxation and under relaxation.
Numericals
Convection and Diffusion
Steady one-dimensional convection and diffusion,
Discritization equation for two and three dimensions, A
One-way space coordinate, False Diffusion Numericals
Numerical Techniques to find flow field
Staggered grid, The pressure velocity corrections, The pressure correction
equation, The SIMPLE algorithm. SIMPLE-R, SIMPLER
Turbulent modeling: different types of turbulent modelling
Contemporary issues of CFD
Reference text books
 An Introduction to Computational Fluid Flow (Finite Volume Method)
H.K. Versteeg, W.Malalasekera
Computational Fluid Flow & Heat Transfer Murlidhar and Sundarrajan
Narosa Publication.
Computational Fluid Dynamics, The Basic with applications John A.
Anderson, Jr.McGraw Hill International editions, Mechanical Engineering
series
Numerical Methods in Fluid Flow & Heat Transfer Dr. Suhas Patankar
 Mode of Evaluation

Continuous Assessment -I   [15 Marks]

    Continuous Assessment - II  [15 Marks]
  Continuous Assessment - III    [15 Marks]
Best out of two CAs
    Mid Term/ Practice [30 Marks]
Practice problems using ANSYS CFD tool
    End Term Examination[40 Marks]
Sofware uses for CFD
 ANSYS FLUENT : Fluid flow and Heat transfer

 IcePAk: for Electronic components

 IC engine: Engine related

 Introduction
Its based on assumptions
Time consuming Error will be more
Expensive
Limitations in
exploration in results
BUT Provides close
to approximation

CFD will help us to interpret the pure experimental and pure theory

The main drawback of this CFD is tremendous complexity in underlying behaviors

 Why CFD uses

V=15m/s V=15m/s

ρA1V1= ρA2V2
 Introduction

 Computational Fluid Dynamics is the science of predicting fluid flow,

heat transfer, mass transfer, chemical reaction and related phenomena
by solving mathematical equations, which govern these processes using
numerical methods (i.e. on a computer).
 In a CFD software analysis, the examination of fluid flow in
accordance with its physical properties such as velocity, pressure,
temperature, density and viscosity is conducted. 
 Continued…

CFD is the simulation of fluids engineering systems using modeling

(mathematical physical problem formulation) and numerical methods
(discretization methods, solvers, numerical parameters, and grid
generations, etc.)
Continued ……
 Importance of Computational Fluid Dynamics
There are three methods in study of Fluid: theory analysis, experiment and
simulation (CFD).
 Why CFD…??

 Growth in complexity of unsolved engineering problem.

 Need for quick solutions of moderate accuracy.
 Absence of analytical solutions.
 The prohibitive cost involved in performing even scaled
laboratory experiments.
 Efficient solution algorithms.
 Developments in computers in terms of speed and storage.
 Serial/parallel/web computing.
 Sophisticated pre and post processing facilities.
Process flow of CFD
 What is there in CFD

Governing Equations
The main structure of thermo-fluids examination is
directed by governing equations that are based on the
conservation law of fluid’s physical properties. The
basic equations are the three laws of conservation
Conservation of Mass: Continuity Equation
Conservation of Momentum: Newton’s Second
Law (F=Ma)
Conservation of Energy: First Law of
Thermodynamics or Energy Equation
 Modeling

 Analysis Begins with the mathematical model of a physical problem.

 Conservation of Mass, momentum and energy conservation must be satisfied
throughout the region of interest.
 Simplifying assumptions are made to make the problem more tractable (e.g.
steady state, incompressible, inviscid, two-dimensional etc.)
 Provide appropriate boundary and initial conditions for the problem.
 Entire domain should be divided into small cells or volume called as
discretization .
 The collection of cells is called the grid or mesh.
 CFD applies Numerical methods (to develop algebraic equations to
approximate the governing differential equations of fluid mechanics in the
domain to be studied.

Sources: Patil N . G and Hotta T K “Heat Transfer Characteristics of High Heat Generating Integrated Circuit Chips Cooled Using
Liquid Cold Plate—A Combined Numerical and Experimental Study” Transactions of the ASME Journals
 System of algebraic equations are solved numerically (on a computer) for the
flow field variables at each node or cell.
 The final solution is post-processed to extract quantities of interest (e.g.
lift, drag, heat Transfer, température séparation points, pressure loss,
etc.)
 Application CFD

Sources :ANSYS user Manual (2013)

Application CFD
Application CFD
 Research applications of CFD

Source : Naveen G Patil and Hotta T K Constrained Optimization in hybrid

cooling of High Heat Generating IC Chips – A Numerical Approach
 Impact of CFD on various engineering applications

Before 1970 the CFD was used for only aerospace

applications
After 1975 CFD used for Non aerospace applications
such automobiles Engines,
 Industrial Manufacturing systems
Fouring of the molten metal cavity.
 Civil Engineering applications
 Research applications of CFD

Sources: Naven G Patil and Hotta T.K Thermal management of electronic

components using Passive and active cooling approaches
Advantages of the CFD

Low Cost:
 Using physical experiments and tests to get essential
 engineering data for design can be expensive.
 Computational simulations are relatively inexpensive, and costs are likely
to decrease as computers become more powerful.
Speed :
 CFD simulations can be executed in short period of time.
 Quick turnaround means engineering data be introduced early in design
process.
Ability to Simulate Real Conditions:
 Many flow and heat transfer processes can not be
 (easily) tested. E.g. hypersonic flow at Mach 20.
 CFD provides the ability to theoretically simulate any physical condition.
Ability to Simulate Ideal Conditions :
 CFD allows great control over the physical process, and provides
the ability to isolate specific phenomena for study.
Example: a heat transfer process can be idealized with adiabatic,
constant heat flux, or constant temperature boundaries.
Comprehensive Information:
 Experiments only permit data to extracted at a limited number
of locations in the system(e.g.pressure and temperature probes,
heat flux gauges, LDV, etc.)
 CFD allows the analyst to examine a large number of locations
in the region of interest, and yields a comprehensive set of flow
parameters for examination.
Commercial Packages Available For CFD analysis and Visualization
Software Company Website Type
ANSYS CFX Ansys Inc. http://www.ansys.com/Products/Simulation+Techn CFD Code
ology/Fluid+
Dynamics/Fluid+Dynamics+Products/ANSYS+CF
X
FLUENT Ansys Inc. http://www.ansys.com/Products/Simulation+Techn CFD Code
ology/Fluid+
Dynamics/Fluid+Dynamics+Products/
ANSYS+Fluent
OPENFLOWER http://sourceforge.net/projects/openflower CFD Code
COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS COMSOL http://www.comsol.com/products/multiphysics CFD Code
FLOW3D Flow Science, Inc. http://www.flow3d.com/ CFD Code
OPEN FOAM OpenCFD Ltd. http://www.openfoam.com/ Open Source
CFD Code
GADGET http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/~volker/gadget CFD Code
CFD++ Metacomp Technologies http://www.metacomptech.com/index.php/products CFD Code
/cfd
ANSYS ICEM CFD Ansys Inc. http://www.ansys.com/Products/Other+Products/A CFD Code
NSYS+ICEM
+CFD
FLO++ Softflo http://homepage.usask.ca/~ijm451/finite/fe_resourc CFD Code
es/node54
FLASH 5.html
http://flash.uchicago.edu/ CFD Code
TECHPLOT Amtec Engineering, Inc. http://www.tecplot.com/ Visualization
STAR-CD CD-adapco http://www.cd-adapco.com/ CFD Code
MATLAB Mathworks http://www.mathworks.com/ Symbolic
Math
Package
 Taylors series

Lets us considered the fluid particles moving with velocity u in directions x with
small distances dx .
In order to find the fluid properties at distance dx can be determine by using
Taylors series
CFD Interferences