1.

Kernel Sentence
A kernel sentence is a simple,
basic statement made up of two
main parts-a noun phrase that
functions as the subject, followed
by a verb phrase that functions as
the predicate.
 2. Rules
Transformational grammar as a
whole is an effort to describe
“sentence”. It is not just a
particular sentence but the
patterns and processes that go
into making any grammatical
sentence in English.
 Transformational
grammarians describe
sentences with formulas,
or rules. The basic rules
are called Kernel Rules.
B. KERNEL
RULES
RULE 1
The sentence consist of noun
phrase that followed by verb
phrase.
Sentence -> Noun phrase + Verb
phrase
Or
S -> NP + VP
RULE 2
Noun Phrase ->
1. Proper Noun
2. Personal Pronoun
3. Indefinite Pronoun
4. Determiner + Pronoun
5. Noun Substitute
RULE 3

Proper Noun ->

1. Jane (The name of person)
2. Los Angeles (The name of place)
3. New York Times (The name of
media)
RULE 4
Personal Pronoun -> I, you, we, they,
she, he, it (7)
a. Adjective Possessive -> my, your,
our, their, her, his, its
b. Objective Possessive -> me, you, us,
them, her, him, it
c. Noun Possessive -> mine, yours,
ours, hers, his, its
RULE 5
Indefinite Pronoun
This is consists of 12 combination:

Every- -Body
Any- WITH -One
Some- -Thing
No-
 RULE 6
Determiner
(Pre-Determiner)+1.Article+(Post Determiner)
2. Demonstrative
3. Possessive
Ex: Much of the first lesson
RULE 7
Article -> 1. Definite
2. Non- Definite

RULE 8
Definite -> The
RULE 9
Non Definitea/an
some
null (without word/ o)
Ex: -Definite article “the cows cat the
grass.’
-Non Definite Article “o cows cat o
grass.”
RULE 10
Demonstrative -> this, that, these, those

RULE 11
Possessive -> my, our, your, his, her, its,
their, John’s, etc.

RULE 12
Pre- Determiner -> all, only, both, just, a
few of, some of, those of, several of, etc.
RULE 13
Post Determiner -> one, two, twenty,
first, second, more, etc.

RULE 14
Noun -> 1. Count + (plural)
2. Non-count

RULE 15
Count: tree, car, recipe, lesson, street,
hour, etc.
RULE 16
Non- count -> Joy, goodness,
jealousy, safety, milk, honesty,
enthusiasm, etc.
RULE 17
Noun Substitutes -> this, that, those,
some, many, several, all, much, few,
one, either, neither, more, most,
enough, another, etc.