ISAS PRESENTATION

PRESENTED BY

EWEKA OSAZEE EWAEN

AUTONOMOUS CARS
 DEFINATION
An autonomous car are known as an uncrewed vehicle,
driverless car, self-driving car or robotic car,

Vehicle capable of fulfilling the main transportation

capabilities of a regular car on it’s own.

A vehicle capable of sensing its environment and

navigating without human input/assistance/help.
 BRIEF HISTORY
 Experiments have been conducted on automating cars
since at least the 1920s, promising trials took place in the
1950s and work has proceeded since then

 The first self-sufficient and truly autonomous cars

appeared in the 1980s, with Carnegie Mellon University's
Navlab and ALV projects in 1984 and Mercedes-Benz and
Bundeswehr University Munich's EUREKA Prometheus
Project in 1987
Then
The RRL's modified 1960 Citroen DS19 to be automatically controlled at
the Science Museum, London (brakes and accelerates on its own
Now
Audi RSQ in the 2004 movie I Robot of Starring will smith
 CLASSIFICATION
 LevelSYSTEM
0: The driver completely controls the vehicle at all times.

 Level 1: Individual vehicle controls are automated, such as electronic

stability control or automatic braking.

 Level 2: At least two controls can be automated in unison, such as adaptive

cruise control in combination with lane keeping.

 Level 3: The driver can fully control of all safety-critical functions in

certain conditions.

 Level 4: The vehicle performs all, with the driver not expected to control
the vehicle at any time.
 HOW IT WORKS
 Autonomous vehicles sense their surroundings using special
gadgets placed on the car, examples include the lidar, radar, GPS,
cameras etc.

 Advanced control systems (artificial intelligence) interpret

sensory information to identify appropriate navigation paths, as
well as obstacles and relevant sign.

 Autonomous vehicles are capable of updating their maps based

on sensory input, allowing the vehicles to keep track of their
position even when conditions change or when they enter
uncharted environments.
LIDAR
RADAR

CAMERAS

SONAR

GPS POSITIONING

SOPHISTICATED SOFTWARE
 LIDAR
3D map and allow the car to “see” potential hazards by bouncing a
laser beam off of surfaces surrounding the car in order to accurately
determine the distance and the profile of that object. Mounted on top
the car on a rotating motor
 RADAR
Ability to accurately monitor speed of surrounding vehicles in real time.
Mounted on the bumpers, with two sensors in the front bumper, and two in
the rear, the radar units allow the car to avoid impact by sending a signal to
the on-board processor. works in conjunction with other features on the car
such as inertial measurement units
 SONAR AND HIGH-POWERED
CAMERAS
Sonar technology have narrow field of
view and its relatively short effective
range (about 6 meters) but allows the car
to effectively cross-reference data from
other systems in real time
Cameras mounted to the exterior with
slight separation in order to give an
overlapping view of the car’s
surroundings just like the human eye
which provides overlapping images to
the brain before determining things like
depth of field, peripheral movement,
and dimensionality of objects. Each
camera has a 50-degree field of view
and is accurate to about 30 meters.
 POSITIONING AND SOFTWARE
The Positioning system works alongside
the on-board cameras to process real-
world information as well as GPS data,
and driving speed to accurately
determine the precise position of each
vehicle, down to a few centimetres all
while making smart corrections for
things like traffic, road construction, and
accidents.
The software processes all of the data in
real-time as well as modelling
behavioural dynamics of other drivers,
pedestrians, and objects around you.
While some data is hard-coded into the
car, such as stopping at red lights, other
responses are learned based on previous
driving experiences. Every mile driven
on each car is logged, and this data is
processed in an attempt to find
solutions to every applicable situation.
The learning algorithm processes the
data of not just the car you’re riding in,
but that of others in order to find an
appropriate response to each possible
problem
SOME MAJOR HURDLES THE PROJECT
FACES

 Technology
 Government Regulation
 Policy implications
 Do Consumers Even Want It?
 POTENTIAL ADVANTAGES
 Avoid traffic collisions caused by human driver errors.
 Increased roadway capacity and reduced traffic congestion due to
reduced need for safety gaps and the ability to better manage traffic
flow.
 Relief of vehicle occupants from driving and navigation duties.
 Higher speed limit for autonomous cars
 Removal of constraints on occupants' state; it would not matter if the
occupants were under age, over age, unlicensed, blind, distracted, drunk
or otherwise impaired.
 Reduction in the need for traffic police and premium on vehicle
insurance.
 Reduction in car theft, due to the vehicle's increased awareness.
 Car sharing
 DISADVANTAGES
 Driver's re-education
 The cost of implementing the new technology could be way out of reach for
most people or countries
 Security issues (hacking and location based information stored).
 Loss of jobs (taxi drivers, driving schools , automobile companies not in
autonomous production, traffic wards, etc.)
 A self-driving car doesn't completely eliminate the likelihood of a car
accident as things could malfunction eg networks and software's
corruption and weather related circumstances which could destroy or
distort readings.
 Heavy reliance technology making it difficult to function in their absences
eg bad traffic light or no bad road sign placed for it to read
 Most of all people who enjoy driving and racing would not be interested
 CONCLUSION
 These cars seem to be a part of the near future transportation, if they
are successfully deployed across roadways and it will be a revolution
not just for drivers and traffic patterns but also for the transportation
industry as a whole as the use of automated cars does not mean they
will be no more accidents, but will eventually reduce number of
accidents to the barest minimum and ease of a lot of driving burdens.

While the question remains would you buy

one?
THANK &
QUESTIONS
COMMENS
YOU!