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DEFINATION
An autonomous car are known as an uncrewed vehicle,
driverless car, self-driving car or robotic car,
Level 4: The vehicle performs all, with the driver not expected to control
the vehicle at any time.
HOW IT WORKS
Autonomous vehicles sense their surroundings using special
gadgets placed on the car, examples include the lidar, radar, GPS,
cameras etc.
CAMERAS
SONAR
GPS POSITIONING
SOPHISTICATED SOFTWARE
LIDAR
3D map and allow the car to “see” potential hazards by bouncing a
laser beam off of surfaces surrounding the car in order to accurately
determine the distance and the profile of that object. Mounted on top
the car on a rotating motor
RADAR
Ability to accurately monitor speed of surrounding vehicles in real time.
Mounted on the bumpers, with two sensors in the front bumper, and two in
the rear, the radar units allow the car to avoid impact by sending a signal to
the on-board processor. works in conjunction with other features on the car
such as inertial measurement units
SONAR AND HIGH-POWERED
CAMERAS
Sonar technology have narrow field of Cameras mounted to the exterior with
view and its relatively short effective slight separation in order to give an
range (about 6 meters) but allows the car overlapping view of the car’s
to effectively cross-reference data from surroundings just like the human eye
other systems in real time which provides overlapping images to
the brain before determining things like
depth of field, peripheral movement,
and dimensionality of objects. Each
camera has a 50-degree field of view
and is accurate to about 30 meters.
POSITIONING AND SOFTWARE
The Positioning system works alongside
The software processes all of the data in
the on-board cameras to process real- real-time as well as modelling
world information as well as GPS data, behavioural dynamics of other drivers,
and driving speed to accurately pedestrians, and objects around you.
determine the precise position of each While some data is hard-coded into the
vehicle, down to a few centimetres all car, such as stopping at red lights, other
while making smart corrections for responses are learned based on previous
things like traffic, road construction, and driving experiences. Every mile driven
accidents. on each car is logged, and this data is
processed in an attempt to find
solutions to every applicable situation.
The learning algorithm processes the
data of not just the car you’re riding in,
but that of others in order to find an
appropriate response to each possible
problem
SOME MAJOR HURDLES THE PROJECT
FACES
Technology
Government Regulation
Policy implications
Do Consumers Even Want It?
POTENTIAL ADVANTAGES
Avoid traffic collisions caused by human driver errors.
Increased roadway capacity and reduced traffic congestion due to
reduced need for safety gaps and the ability to better manage traffic
flow.
Relief of vehicle occupants from driving and navigation duties.
Higher speed limit for autonomous cars
Removal of constraints on occupants' state; it would not matter if the
occupants were under age, over age, unlicensed, blind, distracted, drunk
or otherwise impaired.
Reduction in the need for traffic police and premium on vehicle
insurance.
Reduction in car theft, due to the vehicle's increased awareness.
Car sharing
DISADVANTAGES
Driver's re-education
The cost of implementing the new technology could be way out of reach for
most people or countries
Security issues (hacking and location based information stored).
Loss of jobs (taxi drivers, driving schools , automobile companies not in
autonomous production, traffic wards, etc.)
A self-driving car doesn't completely eliminate the likelihood of a car
accident as things could malfunction eg networks and software's
corruption and weather related circumstances which could destroy or
distort readings.
Heavy reliance technology making it difficult to function in their absences
eg bad traffic light or no bad road sign placed for it to read
Most of all people who enjoy driving and racing would not be interested
CONCLUSION
These cars seem to be a part of the near future transportation, if they
are successfully deployed across roadways and it will be a revolution
not just for drivers and traffic patterns but also for the transportation
industry as a whole as the use of automated cars does not mean they
will be no more accidents, but will eventually reduce number of
accidents to the barest minimum and ease of a lot of driving burdens.