Energy Analysis of Control

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> Thermodinamika II <
Tri Santoso ST M.Eng
Jurusan Teknik Mesin-S1
UNISMA

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 GAS TURBINE

Pur

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 Conservation of Mass and Energy

Einstein’s equation
E = mc2
c : speed of light in a vacuum = 2.9979x108 m/s

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Conservation of Mass

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 Steady flow process

. .

Δmcv = 0 
m in  m out

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 Flow work

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Flow work
F = PA
W = PAL  W = PV
Per unit mass w = Pv
Entering w  (-) ; leaving w  (+)
(wf) out= Poutvout ; (wf)in =- Pinvin
wf = Poutvout - Pinvin

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 Total flow energy :

Energy balance :

E1  E2  Q  W  Ecv
V12 V22
m1 (u1   gz1 )  m2 (u2   gz2 )  Q  (W f  Ws )  Ecv
2 2
V12 V22
m1 (u1   gz1 )  m2 (u2   gz2 )  Q  (m2 P2 v2  m1 P1v1 )  Ws  Ecv
2 2

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 Vi 2 Vo2
mi (ui  Pi vi   gzi )  mo (uo  Po vo   gzo )  Q  Ws  Ecv
2 2
Vi 2 Vo2
mi (hi   gzi )  mo (ho   gzo )  Q  Ws  m2 e2  m1e1
2 2
Rate equation

 V12  V22   
m1 (h1   gz1 )  m 2 (h2   gz2 )  Q  W   E cv
2 2

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 General Equation

Transient

 Vi 2  Vo2   
m i (hi   gzi )  m o (ho   gzo )  Q  Ws   E cv
2 2

Steady state 

 Vi 2  Vo2  
m i (hi   gzi )   m o (ho   gzo )  Q  Ws  0
2 2

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 Steady state flow

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 Steady state flow

• Turbine and compressor

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 Steady flow

• Throttling valve

V12 V22
(h1   gz1 )  (h2   gz2 )  0
2 2
ΔEp = 0 ΔEk = 0  h1 = h2
Q=0 W=0

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 Unsteady flow

 Vi 2  Vo2 
m i (hi   gzi )  m o (ho   gzo )  Q  W   E cv
2 2
 Vi 2  Vo2 
m i (hi   gzi )  m o (ho   gzo )  Q  W   E cv
2 2

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