DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF

YAM POUNDING MACHINE

Supervised By:

Engr. M. A. Salahudeen (Gold)

BACKGROUND STUDY
 Yam Pounding machines are machines that change solid cooked
yam into a semi-solid or paste state for human consumption
 There are two modes of pounding: rotary (torque) pounding and
impact (reciprocating) pounding.
 The mortar and pestle method is classified under reciprocating
mode.
 Pounded yam is a popular African food, especially in Nigeria.
 Yam can be processed in various ways, including boiling, frying,
and roasting.
AIM

The aim of this project is to

design and fabricate a custom-
made yam pounding machine
that is tailored for domestic use.
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of the project are:
 To Fabricate a domestic yam pounding machine using locally
sourced materials thereby making the nation less dependence on
imported goods hence increasing the power of the Naira
 To carry out performance evaluation of the fabricated yam
pounding machine
 To reduced food poisoning that are usually associated with locally
made pounded yam by making the production process more
hygienic and less tedious.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
 Over the years, humans have faced challenges in the arduous task
of pounding yam, resulting in the development of a traditional
method involving the use of a mortar and pestle to pound yam
with bare hands.
 Unfortunately, this time-consuming and inefficient process has
discouraged numerous families from enjoying yam, especially
those who lack the knowledge or ability to pound it.
 Moreover, elderly and physically challenged individuals are unable
to partake in this laborious activity due to their lack of strength,
further limiting their access to this staple food.
JUSTIFICATION

 Enhanced Efficiency: The Yam Pounding Machine streamlines the time-

consuming and inefficient process of hand pounding yam, making it faster
and easier.
 Accessibility for All: The machine allows families without the knowledge or
physical ability to pound yam manually to enjoy this nutritious food.
 Convenience and Time-saving: The Yam Pounding Machine offers a
convenient solution, saving valuable time in the kitchen and promoting a
healthier work-life balance.
 Promoting Yam Consumption: By simplifying the yam pounding process, the
machine encourages increased consumption of this nutrient-rich staple,
leading to improved dietary diversity and health outcomes.
 Preservation of Cultural Heritage: The design replicates the traditional
pounding process, preserving the cultural significance of yam preparation
while enhancing its accessibility and efficiency.
LITERATURE REVIEW
S/N AUTHOR METHODOLOGY LIMITATION CONCLUSION
1. Kingsley Aghawegbehe, Due to high cost of Although hardwood It will be great to
Dickson David Olodu producing yam from oak tree is minimize cost while
(2022) pounding machine using cheaper, it is not readily producing the machine
Design And steel and other metals, available. but finding a readily
Construction Of A Wood- hardwood from oak tree material is more crucial
based Modified Yam is used for the
Pounder Machine. construction
International Journal of
Energy Applications and
Technologies.9(1), 22-30

2 Mbudai Dzugu Yohanna Dual beater is used Unavailability of If there is availability of

(2019) inside the beating appropriate material for material in the market at
Design and Modification chamber design and fabrication affordable price, the will
of a Yam Pounding of the machine due to be easily constructed for
Machine high cost of material in the masses.
International Journal of the market
Science and Research
8(9), 379-482
LITERATURE REVIEW
S/N AUTHOR METHODOLOGY LIMITATION CONCLUSION
3. Ibhadode Rotary pounding mode Power dependency, Further improvements
Oisehoemome, is adopted. limited capacity, and for versatility,
Aniekan Essien and lack of portability. accessibility, and
Adedoyin Adesuji reliability is required.
(2020) Development of
a Modular and
Sustainable Yam
Pounding Machine.
Global Journal of
Engineering Sciences
6(1), 1-8

4. Ogiemudia Osasumwen Rotary pounding mode High cost and time Doing two works of
Godswilla, Ikpe Aniekan and cooking pot to consuming on design cooking and pounding
Essienubonga, Ejiroghene
cook the yam before and fabrication. makes it unique.
Kelly Orhorhoro (2016)
Comparative Analysis of pounding with a timer.
Yam Pounding Machine
and the Traditional
Pounding Method
International Academic
Institute for Science and
Technology 3(12) ,1-2
MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY
A list of the material selected for the major components of the design is shown in
table below. The table also shows the values of the useful properties of the
material used.
COMPONENT MATERIAL SELECTION VALUE OF USEFUL
S SELECTED CRITERIA PROPERTY
Machine Stainless steel Durability, Yield
Frame corrosion strength=1800Mpa
resistance, and Tensile strength=
hygiene. 2000Mpa
Yam beater Austenitic stainless Hygiene properties, Yield Strength=
steel ductility, 275Mpa
formability, high Tensile strength=
tensile strength, 690Mpa
availability, and
cost-effectiveness.
Shaft Mild steel Moderate tensile Yield strength=350Mpa
strength,
machinability, Tensile
corrosion resistance strength=550Mpa
MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY
COMPONEN MATERIAL SELECTION VALUE OF
TS SELECTED CRITERIA USEFUL
PROPERTY
Pulley Ductile Cast iron Wear resistance, Yield strength=
Heat resistance, 600Mpa
machinability, Tensile strength=
durability, ductility, 800Mpa
and strength.
Bowl Stainless steel Durability, Yield
corrosion strength=1800Mp
resistance, and a
hygiene. Tensile strength=
2000Mpa
DESIGN ANALYSIS
Below are the calculations involved in design and fabrication of yam pounding machine and all the value gotten is put into
consideration to allow effective and efficient working of the machine:
Determination of the diameter of the driven pulley
Using standard equation
𝑑1𝑁1 = 𝑑2𝑁2
Where d1 is the diameter of the puller and equals 30mm, d2 Is the unknown diameter of the driven pulley.
Also N1=1440rpm and N2=720rpm
Therefore we have
30 × 1440
𝑑2 = = 60𝑚𝑚
720
Peripheral velocity in m/s
𝜋 1
𝑇= + 2𝜋 + 2
2 𝑑1 + 𝑑2 4𝜋 𝑑1 + 𝑑2
Where 𝜋= center distance by measurement, Implementing the equation below:
𝑑2−𝑑1
SinƟ= 2𝜋
Where 𝑋 = 2.7°
Ɵ1 = 180 − 2𝑥 = 174.6°
Now converting it into radian we have
𝜋
Ɵ1 𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠 = 174.6° = 3.05𝑟𝑎𝑑
180
Ɵ2 = 180 + 2𝑥 = 185.4°
𝜋
Ɵ2 𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠 = 185.4° = 3.24𝑟𝑎𝑑
180
Since both pulleys chosen are of the same material the selected coefficient of friction will be the same and the Equal 0.35
(Gupta, 2009).
 Belt Tension
𝑇1
= 𝑒^Ɵ𝑓
𝑇2
T= Tension
NƟ1= 0.35x3.05=0.915
NƟ2=0.35x3.87 = 1.134
T1 = tension on tight side
T2 = tension on the slack side
Using on electrical motor which has maximum power of 746W
𝑃 = (𝑇1 − 𝑇2)
𝑇1 – 𝑇2 = 336.7𝑁 … . . (1)
Therefore, using the standard equation we selected N Ɵ2 so having higher effect.
𝑇1
2.3𝐿𝑜𝑔( )
𝑇2
This implies that
T1 = 560.62N
T2 = 224.34N
 Blade Design
L = length = 275mm
W = width = 20mm
T = thickness =4mm
Volume = length x width x thickness
V=LxWxT
V = 275 x 20 x 4 = 2200mm3
P = density of stainless steel = 7500kg/m3
M = mass = density (p) x volume (v)
M = 7500 x 0.00022 = 0.165kg
Weight = mass x acceleration due to gravity (9.8m/s²
W = mxg
W = 0.165 x 9.81 = 5.294N
Selecting the Appropriate Prime Mover
Using 1 horse power (HP) electric motor standard speed =1400rpm, maximum speed of the machine used to find the
maximum torque.
60𝑃
𝑇=
2𝜋𝑁
P = power in watt. N= speed in revolution per minute
3 horsepower = 2280 watt
60 × 2280 136800
𝑇= = = 15.6𝑁𝑚
2𝜋 × 1440 8796.5
 Table and graphical representation of the performance of the machine
The following analysis is from the study conducted by Mbudai Dzugu Yohanna in 2019 on Design and
Modification of Yam Pounding Machine.
The table and graph below shows the amount of time with respect to the quantity of yam
pounded:
S/N Pounding Time (Min) Mass
(Kg)
1 3 2
2 5 4
3 7 6