Define and discuss

genetic engineering
 Enumerate and give
the functions of
different tools use in
genetic engineering
 Enumerate and give
the different steps in
Genetic Manipulation
 Appreciate the
importance of
producing new or
modified products from
genetic engineering
 GENES
-A sequence of DNA on
a chromosome that
codes for a specific trait
or one protein.
- The process by which genes
from one organism is
transferred into other organism
of an entirely different species.
 The modification of an
organism's genetic composition
by artificial means, involving
the transfer of specific traits or
genes from one organism to
another
1. Polymerase Chain
Reaction
2. Restriction Enzyme
3. Gel Electrophoresis
4. DNA Ligase
13
Polymerase Chain Reaction

- An efficient technique
for multiplying the
number of DNA
exponentially for 25 to
75 cycles. 14
Polymerase Chain Reaction

-it us used in molecular

biology to amplify a single
copy or a few copies of a
segment of DNA across
several orders of
magnitude. 15
 Restriction Enzymes

- Enzymes that create one

incision on each of the
two strands of DNA at
specific location based on
the nucleotide sequence.
17
 Gel Electrophoresis

- It is used from viewing

cut DNA to detecting DNA
inserts and knockouts.
19
 Gel Electrophoresis
- It is used to estimate the
molecular weight of protein and
nucleic acids, purification of
isolated proteins, monitoring
changes of protein content in
body fluid ,and blotting
application. 20
 DNA Ligase

- Enzymes that can create

covalent bond between
nucleotide chain.
22
 Gene Cloning

-a mechanism by which each

time the host cell reproduces;
several copies of a particular
gene are produced wherein it
is possible to clone the whole
species. 25
 Nuclear Cloning

- The introduction of the

nucleus from a cell into an
enucleated egg cell.
26
PROCESSES OF
GENE CLONING
 1. ISOLATION OF
VECTOR AND
GENE-SOURCE DNA
2. INSERTION OF
DNA INTO THE
VECTOR
3. INTRODUCTION
OF THE CLONING
VECTOR INTO
CELLS
4. CLONING OF
CELLS
5. IDENTIFYING CELL
CLONES WITH THE
RIGHT GENE
PROCESSES IN
GENETIC
ENGINEERING
1. ISOLATION OF THE
DESIRED DNA
(GENETIC MATERIAL)
2. CUTTING DNA AT
SPECIFIC SITES
3. AMPLIFICATION OF GENE
OF INTEREST USING PCR
 4. INSERTION OF THE
RECOMBINANT DNA INTO
HOST CELL
5.OBTAINING THE FOREIGN GENE
PRODUCT (GENETICALLY MODIFIED)
6.DOWN STREAM
PROCESSING
 2 ENZYME
1. Restriction Enzyme
2. Ligases
 Restriction
ENZYME
- Scissor like enzyme that
recognize and cut specific
sequence in the DNA.
 Ligases

- Enzyme that act like

glue to join two fragment
of DNA.
TRANSGENIC
ORGANISMS
CREATING FLOW CHART
 ENUMERATION
ENUMERATE THE PROCESSES
INVOLVED IN GENETIC ENGINEERING

1._________________________________
2._________________________________
3._________________________________
4._________________________________
5._________________________________
6._________________________________
 Make a further research on the
processes involved in the genetic
engineering