ASSESSMENT IN LEARNING 2

Chapter 2
Types of Assessment
Emerita Reyes, Ed. D.
Erlinda Dizon, Ed. D.
Danilo K. Villena, Ph. D.
 OVERVIEW
• Assessment is an essential and powerful tool in the
teaching and learning process.
• Moreover, it is a process of obtaining data with which
we could measure student competence and learning
outcomes.
• The process begins with the identification of the
specific target goals before collecting and
interpreting the information.
 OVERVIEW

• Classification and synthesis of the gathered data are

possible through the use of the different assessment
techniques.
• This chapter deals mainly on the discussion of the
different types of assessment being used in the
teaching and learning process.
 OVERVIEW

• Some terms are used interchangeably but it is

essential for you to distinguish and analyze the
concepts, principles, and application of these types
of assessment.
Section Intended Learning Outcome
Analyze the fundamental concepts and characteristics of 21 st
century assessment.

Chapter Intended Learning Outcomes

At the end of this chapter, you should be able to distinguish
the different types of assessment, and relate it to learning
outcomes.
• In what ways do our students achieve more learning
outcomes?
• What are the ways with which we could measure
students’ achievements?
• Assessment of student learning requires the use of
variety of techniques for measuring outcomes which
plays a significant role in effective teaching and
learning processes.
• Assessment shall be used primarily as quality
assurance to track student progress to the
attainment of standards, promote self-reflection, and
personal accountability for one’s learning, and
provide a basis for the profiling of student program
(DepEd No. 72, s. 2012).
Types of Assessments
 TYPES OF ASSESSMENTS

1. Traditional and Authentic Assessment

2. Formative Evaluation and Summative Evaluation
3. Norm and Criterion-Referenced Assessment
4. Contextualized and Decontextualized Assessment
5. Analytic and Holistic Assessment
 TYPES OF ASSESSMENTS

1. Traditional and Authentic Assessment

• Paper-and-pencil tests or quizzed are best examples
of traditional assessment which mainly describe and
measure student learning outcomes.
• Law and Eckes state that traditional assessments are
single-occasion tests which measure what learners
can do at a particular time.
 TYPES OF ASSESSMENTS

• Traditional Assessments are indirect and inauthentic

measures of students learning outcomes.
• It is standardized and for that reason, they are one-
shot, speed- based, and norm-referenced (Bailey).
• Traditional assessment often focus on learner’s ability
of memorization and recall, which are lower level of
cognition skills (Smaldino).
 TYPES OF ASSESSMENTS

• Authentic Assessments focus on the analytical and

creative thinking skills, students to work
cooperatively and that reflect student learning,
student achievement, and student attitudes of
relevant activities.
• Assessment is authentic when it measures
performances or products which have realistic
meaning that can be attributed to the success in
school.
 TYPES OF ASSESSMENTS

• Activities, questions, and problems with “real world”

satisfy the criterion that it needs to be an authentic
intellectual work within the given situation or
contextual realism of the tasks.
 TYPES OF ASSESSMENTS

• The commonly reported dimensions of authenticity

are grouped into three broad categories (Frey):
1. The Context of the Assessment
2. The Role of the Student
3. The Scoring
 TYPES OF ASSESSMENTS

1. The Context of the Assessment

• Realistic activity or context
• The task is performance-based.
• The task is cognitively complex.
 TYPES OF ASSESSMENTS

2. The Role of the Student

• A defense of the answer or product is required.
• The assessment is formative.
• Students collaborate with each other or with
the teacher.
 TYPES OF ASSESSMENTS

3. The Scoring
• The scoring criteria are known or student-
developed.
• Multiple indicators or portfolios are used for
scoring.
• The performance expectation is mastery.
 TYPES OF ASSESSMENTS

• In the present K to 12 curriculum, the students are

expected to produce products or performances
through authentic tasks.
• This should reflect what teachers want their students
to do with their learning and demonstrate the use in
real life situations.
 TYPES OF ASSESSMENTS

• Wiggins argues that teacher should “test those

capacities and habits we think are essential and test
them in context. Make them replicate within reason,
the challenges at the heart of each discipline.”
 TYPES OF ASSESSMENTS

1. The task should be representative of performance in

the field.
2. Attention should be paid to teaching and learning
the criteria for assessment.
3. Self-assessment should lay a great role.
4. When possible, students should present their work
publicly and defend it.
 TYPES OF ASSESSMENTS

• In general, below are some of the best uses of

authentic assessment (Mueller):
1. Authentic assessments are direct measures.
2. Authentic assessments capture constructive nature
of learning.
3. Authentic assessments integrate teaching, learning,
and assessment.
4. Authentic assessments provide multiple paths to
demonstration.
 TYPES OF ASSESSMENTS

1. Authentic assessments are direct measures.

- Forms of assessment task must be applied in authentic
situations.
- This could be done also by teachers by asking the
students to use what they have learned in some
meaningful way.
- Ex. Conducting a science experiment – hypothesis
testing, developing feasibility study, calculating
savings.
 TYPES OF ASSESSMENTS
2. Authentic assessments capture constructive nature
of learning.
- In a constructivist point of view, learnings should
create knowledge and meaning based from schema.
- Thus, assessments cannot just ask students to repeat
information they have received.
- Students must also be asked to demonstrate that they
have accurately constructed meaning about what they
have been taught.
- Authentic tasks not only serve as assessments but also
as vehicles for such learning.
 TYPES OF ASSESSMENTS
3. Authentic assessments integrate teaching, learning,
and assessment.
- In the authentic assessment model, the same authentic
task used to measure the students’ ability to apply the
knowledge or skills is used as a vehicle for student
learning.
- Problem solving and decision making skills are best
exemplified by this purpose.
- Students are learning the process of developing a
solution to a problem by simply applying the
meaningful
CANLAS/NAPARATO
concepts.
 TYPES OF ASSESSMENTS

4. Authentic assessments provide multiple paths to

demonstration.
- Students may have different ways by which they could
demonstrate what they have learned.
- Similarly, authentic tasks tend to give the students
more freedom on how they will demonstrate what they
have learned.

CANLAS/NAPARATO
CANLAS
 TYPES OF ASSESSMENTS
The table summarizes the attributes of traditional
from authentic (performance) assessment.
Attribute Traditional Authentic
Assessment Activity Selecting a response Performing a task
Nature of Activity Contrived activity Activity emulates real life
Cognitive Level Knowledge/Comprehension Application/Analysis/
Synthesis

Development of Solution Teacher-structured Student-structured

Objectivity of Scoring Easily achieved Difficult to achieve
Evidence of Mastery Indirect evidence Direct evidence
CASTILLO/OGERIO
-end of lesson-
but not of Chapter 2