Cell – Basic

unit of life

—Aditi Sharma
IX-B
 Cell Theory
Robert Hooke saw that the cork resembled the structure of
a honeycomb consisting of many little compartments. Cork
is a substance that comes from the bark of a tree. This
was in the year 1665 when Hooke made this chance
observation through a self-designed microscope. Robert
Hooke called these boxes cells

All cells are found to have the same organelles, no matter

what their function is or what organism they are found in.

Every cell has plasma membrane, nucleus and cytoplasm.

 Cell
1. Cell was first discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665

2. Cell is a Latin word for a little room

3. Cells represent the basic structural and

4. functional units of life.

5. Organelles - small structures inside a cell with specific

6. functions.

7. All organisms are composed of one or more cells.

8. All tissues & organs are composed of cells.

9. There is no life without cells!

Animal and Plant
Cells
 Parts of the Animal Cell

Nucleus Mitochondria
Despite being red, it’s It’s the closest planet to
actually a cold place the Sun

Cytoplasm Membrane
Venus is the second Earth is the planet
planet from the Sun where we live on
 Parts of the Plant Cell

Nucleus Cell Wall

Despite being red, is It’s the closest planet to
actually a cold place the Sun

Mitochondria Membrane
Venus is the second Jupiter is the biggest
planet from the Sun planet of them all

Cytoplasm Vacuole Chloroplast

Neptune is very far Earth is the planet Saturn is a gas giant
away from Earth where we live on and has rings
 Eukaryotic Cells vs Prokaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic Cells
The defining element of a eukaryotic cell
is the nucleus. This structure stores the
cell's DNA and separates it from the rest
of the cell with a special membrane called
the nuclear envelope. Because it stores
DNA, the nucleus is often called the
control center of the eukaryotic cell.
That's because the DNA holds all the
instruction the cell needs to function.
Prokaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic cells tend to be much smaller and
less complex than eukaryotic cells. They make
up single-celled organisms like bacteria. They
have DNA just like eukaryotic cells, but they
don't have a nucleus. Instead, the DNA is found
loosely inside the cell. Prokaryotic cells don't
really have other organelles either. Still, these
simple cells can do everything they need to
survive.
 Components of Cells
01 The plasma membrane surrounds the cell.

02 The nucleus is the largest organelle.

03 Double layered nuclear envelope.

Cytoplasm refers to the cellular material between

04
the cell membrane and nuclear envelope.
05
Organelles such as the mitochondria, Golgi
complex, centrioles, and endoplasmic reticulum
are found in the cytoplasm.
 Plasma Membrane
1. This is the outermost covering of the cell that separates
2. the contents of the cell from its external environment.
3. The plasma membrane allows or permits the entry and
4. exit of some materials in and out of the cell. It also
5. prevents movement of some other materials. The cell
6. membrane, therefore, is called a selectively permeable
7. membrane.

8. The plasma membrane is flexible and is made up of organic molecules

called lipids and proteins

9. Function: Regulates materials entering and exiting the cell.

 Nucleus
1. Function: “Control Center.” Regulates DNA & RNA actions.

2. The nuclear envelope contains pores to allow molecules to move between nucleus &
cytoplasm.

3. Chromosomes are contained in the nucleus. Chromatin refers to loosely condensed

DNA & proteins.

4. In a cell which is not dividing, this DNA is present as part of chromatin material.
Chromatin material is visible as entangled mass of thread like structures. Whenever
the cell is about to divide, the chromatin material gets organised into chromosomes.

5. Nucleoli are specialized parts of certain chromosomes that carry multiple copies of
the DNA used to synthesize ribosomal RNA.
 Endoplasmic Reticulum

1. The nuclear envelope joins with

a cytoplasmic membranous
system – the endoplasmic
reticulum (ER).

2. Rough endoplasmic reticulum

(RER) is covered with
ribosomes. Smooth (SER) is not.