INTRODUCTION

Crushed sand is the artificial sand and fine aggregate that is

produced or manufacture by crushing huge suitable type of stone mainly
basalt and granite. Crushed sand is also known as M-sand or manufactured
sand. Now a days , all major building construction are done using crushed
sand. It is the economical alternative for river sand. Crushed sand does not
contain any impurities.
Dredging of river beds to get river sand will lead to environmental
disaster like groundwater depletion. Nowadays, sources of natural sand such
as river sand, pit sand, stream sand, sea sand and other sand for use as an
aggregate in construction are becoming scarce. Due to this alternative fine
aggregate in construction has given the source to crushed sand.
PROPERTIES:

1. High strength of concrete

2. Durability of concrete
3. Workability of concrete
4. Less construction defects
5. Economy
6. Eco-friendly
Why Manufactured Sand is used

Manufactured sand is an alternative for river sand

Having more good quality than river sand
Availability and transportation of Manufactured sand
Cost of construction is less by using this sand
It is well graded in the required proportion
Absorption of water by Manufactured sand is very less
REQUIREMENTS :

1. Particles should have higher crushing strength

2. Texture should be smooth
3. Particles should be grounded
4. Should not have any impurities
5. Should be free from silt content
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
• Step 1:
• Excavation of stones: It is the process of digging
of stones under the ground surface which are
suitable for manufacturing crushed sand with the
help of machinery and manually.
• Following are the requirements of excavation site:-
- Availability of stones
-Strength of stones
- Nearer to crusher plant
- Reachable
• Step 2:
• Reducing the size of stone to 40-
60 mm : The second stage of
manufacturing process is reducing
the size excavated stones to 40-50
mm size in hopper 1.
Step 3:
Reducing the stones to 0.50 -0.75 inch: In this
third stage of manufacturing process, the stones
coming from hooper 1 having size 40-60 mm is
reduced to 0.50-0.75 in hooper 2. The
transportation of stones from hooper 1 to hooper
2 is done by using conveyer belt.
• Step 4
• Reducing the size of stones to 3/8
inch( 0.375 inch):- In this stage ,
the stones from hooper 2 are
reduced to size 0.375 inch in
hopper 3. Transportation from one
hooper to other done by using
conveyer belt.
• Step 5:-
• Final manufacture crushed sand:- In
this stage, the final size of crushed
sand is obtained. The size is finally
reduced to 1-1.50 mm in hopper 4.
The transportation of stones from
hooper 3 to hopper 4 is done with the
help of dumper as these hoopers are
not connected by conveyer belt.
• Step 6:
• Sieving : In this stage the sieving of
final crushed sand is takes place. The
sand in hooper 4 have some amount of
dust. In this process the dust and the
crushed sand is separated completely
from each other.
• Note: After manufacturing process
15% dust is added in the sand for
proper mixing.
COMPARISON BETWEEN CRUSHED SAND AND
NATURAL SAND:
•Natural Sand:
1. Ideal shape (Rounded shape)
2.Presence of moisture
3. Lower Compressive as well as flexural strength
4. Silt Content
5. Not Eco-friendly

• Crushed Sand:
1. Irregular shape (Angular shape)
2. No moisture Content
3. Comparatively more compressive as well as flexural strength
4. No silt Content
5. Eco-friendly
ADVANTAGES :
1. Ecofriendly
2. Easily available
3. Less bleeding and segregation in concrete
4. Grading can be achieved .
5. strength can be achieved .
6. Less impurities
7. Good working properties
8. Higher flexural strength .
9. Better abrasion resistance .
TESTS CONDUCTED FOR CRUSHED SAND
1. Sieve analysis (grading)
2. Compressive strength (of concrete
block made from crushed sand and other from natural sand)
after 7 days, 14 days, 28 days
It can be conducted with UTM
CRUSHER VISIT: