Solubility of Drugs

PART - IV

Class- S.Y.B.Pharmacy
Semester III
Physical Pharmaceutics
Conducted by- Mr. Sankalp Gharat
Assistant Professor
(Department of Pharmaceutics)
 Relative Lowering of Vapour Pressure
(Raoult’s Law)
Recap of Raoults Law:

• According to Raoult’s law,

The partial pressure of a component in a liquid mixture is equal to the
vapour pressure in the pure state multiplied by mole fraction of the
component in the solution.
• This implies that the partial pressure of components A and B in a
solution will be:  
• PA = PA0 xA
PB = PB0 xB . 

PA0 and PB0 are respective vapour pressure in pure form

xA and xB are respective mole fractions of components A and B
 Lowering of Vapour Pressure:
• When a non volatile solute is dissolved to a pure solvent- the vapour
pressure of the pure solvent decreases.

• i.e. if Vapour pressure of pure solvent is p, and vapour pressure of the

solution formed after addition of a non volatile solute is ps then,
lowering of vapour pressure= (p-ps)

This lowering of vapour pressure relative to the vapour pressure of the

pure solvent is termed as Relative Lowering of Vapour pressure.

Thus,

Relative Lowering of Vapour Pressure= p-ps

p
• According to Raoult’s law:
The relative lowering of vapour pressure
of a dilute solution is equal to the mole
fraction of the solute present in the dilute
solution.

Raoult’s law can be expressed mathematically as:

p – ps = n .
p n +N
Where, n= number of moles of solute
N= number of moles of solvent
 Determination of Molecular Mass from Vapour
pressure Lowering
• For this calculation, substitute n with w/m and N with W/M in
p – ps = n .
p n +N

• For Concentrated Solutions:

p – ps = w/m .
p w/m + W/M

• For Dilute Solutions:

p – ps = wM .
p mW

Where,
w= grams of solute
W= grams of solvent
m= molecular mass of solute
M= molecular mass of solvent
• Diffusion Apparatus:
https://youtu.be/7z0JlZPQTZ4
https://youtu.be/fQWz5v5WviI

• Dissolution apparatus
https://youtu.be/FpkU123LVTc
https://youtu.be/f6PqKMiJ-7o

Reciprocating disso apparatus

https://youtu.be/cG2IHw7S3nw

https://youtu.be/uA3oORxVD60