ORGANISATION

AL BEHAVIOUR
TYPES OF PERCEPTION

By Ankita Gaikwad
Roll no. 2021023
WHAT IS
PERCEPTION?

Perception is the sensory experience of the world. It involves both recognizing environmental
stimuli and actions in response to these stimuli.
Through the perceptual process, we gain information about the properties and elements of the
environment that are critical to our survival. Perception not only creates our experience of the world
around us; it allows us to act within our environment.
Perception includes the five senses; touch, sight, sound, smell, and taste. It also includes what is
known as proprioception, a set of senses involving the ability to detect changes in body positions and
movements. It also involves the cognitive processes required to process information, such as
recognizing the face of a friend or detecting a familiar scent.
 Sound

Other Senses Speech

TYPES OF
PERCEPTION

Social Touch

Taste
SOUND:

Perception of complex sound is a process carried out in everyday life situations and contributes
in the way one perceives reality. Attempting to explain sound perception and how it affects human
beings is complicated. Physics of simple sound can be described as a function of frequency,
amplitude and phase.
Psychology of sound, also termed psychoacoustics, has its own distinct elements of pitch,
intensity and tibre. An interconnection exists between physics and psychology of hearing.
Sound may be heard through solid, liquid, or gaseous matter. It is one of the traditional five
senses.
SPEECH:

Speech perception is the process by which the sounds of language are heard, interpreted, and
understood. The study of speech perception is closely linked to the fields of phonology and phonetics
in linguistics and cognitive psychology and perception in psychology. Research in speech perception
seeks to understand how human listeners recognize speech sounds and use this information to
understand spoken language. Speech perception research has applications in building computer systems
that can recognize speech, in improving speech recognition for hearing and language impaired listeners,
and in foreign-language teaching.
The process of perceiving speech begins at the level of the sound signal and the process of
audition. (For a complete description of the process of audition see Hearing.) After processing the
initial auditory signal, speech sounds are further processed to extract acoustic cues and phonetic
information. This speech information can then be used for higher-level language processes, such as
word recognition.
TOUCH:

The sense of touch is one of the central forms of perceptual experience, though it has often been
overshadowed by vision in both philosophy and psychology. Thought to be one of the first senses to
develop, touch occurs across the whole body using a variety of receptors in the skin. It often
combines these signals with feedback from the muscles and tendons as we actively move and
explore the world, and with proprioceptive information about the position of our tactual surfaces.
These unique features of touch raise many interesting philosophical issues.
In particular, it is a central topic of discussion in debates about the multisensory nature of
perception, the relation between perception and action, and the connection between touch and bodily
awareness.
TASTE:
Taste (formally known as gustation) is the ability to perceive the flavor of substances, including,
but not limited to, food. Humans receive tastes through sensory organs concentrated on the upper
surface of the tongue, called taste buds or gustatory calyculi. The human tongue has 100 to 150 taste
receptor cells on each of its roughly-ten thousand taste buds.
Traditionally, there have been four primary tastes: sweetness, bitterness, sourness and saltiness.
However, the recognition and awareness of unami, which is considered the fifth primary taste, is a
relatively recent development in Western cuisine. Other tastes can be mimicked by combining these
basic tastes, all of which contribute only partially to the sensation and flavor of food in the mouth.
Other factors include smell, which is detected by the olfactory epithelium of the nose; texture, which
is detected through a variety of mechanoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, muscle nerves, etc.; and
temperature, which is detected by thermoreceptors. All basic tastes are classified as either appetitive
or aversive, depending upon whether the things they sense are harmful or beneficial.
SOCIAL:

Social perception (or interpersonal perception) is the study of how people form impressions of

and make inferences about other people as sovereign personalities. Social perception refers to
identifying and utilizing social cues to make judgments about social roles, rules, relationships,
context, or the characteristics (e.g., trustworthiness) of others. This domain also includes social
knowledge, which refers to one's knowledge of social roles, norms, and schemas surrounding social
situations and interactions. People learn about others' feelings and emotions by picking up
information they gather from physical appearance, verbal, and nonverbal communication.
Facial expressions, tone of voice, hand gestures, and body position or movement are a few
examples of ways people communicate without words. A real-world example of social perception is
understanding that others disagree with what one said when one sees them roll their eyes. There are
four main components of social perception: observation, attribution, integration, and confirmation.
OTHER SENSES:

There are more-subtle senses that most people never really perceive. For example, there are
neuron sensors that sense movement to control balance and the tilt of the head. Specific kinesthetic
receptors exist for detecting stretching in muscles and tendons, helping people to keep track of their
limbs. Other receptors detect levels of oxygen in certain arteries of the bloodstream.
There are also other senses that allow us to perceive things such as balance, time, body position,
acceleration and the perception of internal states. Many of these are multimodal and involve more
than one sensory modality.
THANK YOU