UME1601: Design of Mechanical Drives

Bevel, worm and cross helical gears

 Session Meta Data

Author Kl. Harikrishna

Reviewer

Version Number 1.1

Release Date 26 Aprl 2022

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 Revision History

Revision Date Details Version

no.
26 April 2022 1. New Content 1.1

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 Session Objectives
• Introduction of Bevel Gear
• Advantages, Limitations, applications
• Classifications, Materials

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 Session Outcomes
• At the end of this session, participants will be able to
– Describe the bevel gear drive(K1:R)
– Describe the advantages, limitations
– Describe the nomenclature

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 Agenda

• Bevel Gear drive intro

• Application of bevel gear drive, advantages and
disadvantages
• Nomenclature of bevel gear

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 Classification of Gears
Based on the position of the axes of gear shafts

Gear

Non intersecting &

Parallel Intersecting
non parellel

Straight Bevel
Spur gear Crossed helical
gear

Helical gear Spiral Bevel Worm gear

gear
Herring-bone
gear

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 Bevel Gear
Sometimes, power is to be transmitted in an angular direction. For such
purpose, bevel gear drive can be used.

They are used to transmit power between the shafts whose axes are
intersecting at an angle.

Bevel gears are commonly used in automotive differentials.

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 Arrangement of teeth in bevel gear

The structure of bevel gear is similar to a uniformly serrated frustum of a cone.

In bevel gears, teeth are cut on conical surface in contrast with spur and helical
gears for which the teeth are cut on cylindrical surfaces.

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 Classification of Bevel
Gears
Based on the teeth shape

Bevel Gear

Straight
Spiral bevel Zerol Hypoid
bevel

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 Straight Bevel Gear

If the teeth on the bevel gears are parallel to the lines generating the pitch cones,
then they are called straight bevel gears.
i.e. The teeth are straight, radial to the point of intersection of the shaft axes
and vary in cross-section throughout their length.

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 Spiral Bevel Gear
When the teeth of a bevel gear are inclined at an angle to the face of the bevel,
they are known as spiral bevel gears.

To reduce the noise, helical teeth are used on these bevel gears.

They are smoother in action and quieter than straight tooth bevels as there is
gradual load application and low impact stresses.

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 Zerol Bevel Gear
Spiral bevel gears with curved teeth but with a zero degree spiral angle at the
middle of the facewidth are known as zerol bevel gears

Their tooth action and the end thrust are the same as that of straight bevel
gears.

Zerol bevel gears are quicker in action than the straight bevel types as the
teeth are curved.

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 Hypoid
Gear to spiral bevel gears, but the axis of the
Hypoid gears are similar in appearance
pinion is offset from the axis of the gear.

Hypoid gears are most desirable for those applications involving large speed
reduction ratios.

They operate more smooth and quiet than spiral bevel gears.

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 Classifications of Bevel Gear
Based on the pitch angle:

Mitre gears:
When equal bevel gears (having equal teeth and equal pitch angles)
connect two shafts whose axes intersect at right angle, are known as
mitre gears.

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 Crown gears: When bevel gears having different no. of teeth and
different pitch angles) connect two shafts whose axes intersect at right
angle, are known as crown gears.

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 Internal bevel gears:
When the pitch angle of a bevel gear exceeds 90º, it is called
internal bevel gear.

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 External bevel gears:
When the pitch angle of a bevel gear less than 90º, it is called
external bevel gear.

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 Summary
• Bevel Gear drive intro
• Application of bevel gear drive, Types
• Nomenclature of bevel gear
• Design procedure for bevel gear

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 Test your understanding
1. What is bevel gear drive?
2. Define zerol bevel gear
3. What is mitres gear?
4. What is crown gear?

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 References
• Shigley J.E and Mischke C. R., “Mechanical Engineering Design”, Sixth Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill ,
2003.
• Sundararajamoorthy T. V, Shanmugam .N, “Machine Design”, Anuradha Publications, Chennai, 2003.

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