Unexplained Pneumonia in China

Dec 29,2019: Hospital in Wuhan, Hubei Province China reported severe

unexplained pneumina cases

Jan 30,2020 : WHO declared it Public Health Emergency

Feb 12,2020: Virus officially named SARS-CoV-2 and disease as

COVID19
 Genus beta

Pathogenic
Characteristics Enveloped, round to elliptical in shape

60 to 140 nm in diameter

Sensitive to : UV ray, heat upto 56 degree Celsius

for 30 min, Ethanol 75 percent, Chlorine
containing disinfectants but not to chlorhexidine
 Epidemiological Characteristics

Susceptible
Route of Transmission:
Source: Patients and Individuals: People of
Droplet,contact,aerosol
asymtomatic carriers all ages but more in
if prolonged exposure
immunocompromised
 •

,
Incubation period from 1 to 14 days

Fever,fatigue and dry cough

Clinical
Characteristics Mild cases without manifestation of
pneumonia

Elderly people with chronic underlying

diseases usually have poor prognosis
,,
'
Most common symptoms:
fever
dry cough
Tiredness

Less common symptoms:

aches and pains
sore throat
diarrhoea
conjunctivitis
headache
loss of taste or smell
a rash on skin, or discolouration of fingers or
toes
 Chest Imaging

Early stage: small As disease

patchy shadows and progress: multiple
In severe cases: lung
interstitial changes ground glass shadows
consolidation
especially in lungs and infiltration
periphery shadows
 Diagnostic Criteria

Suspected Cases: Considering both epidemiological and clinical

manifestation. One of epidemiological exposure history and two of
clinical manifestation OR no definitive epidemiological history but
three clinical manifestations

Confirmed Cases: A suspected case with positive PCR

 Case Identification and Report

Immediate isolation and treatment of

suspected cases in a single room

Suspected cases should be

transferred to hospital
immediately
 General Treatment:

Bed Rest

Adequate nutrition

TREATMENT Water and electrolyte balance

Close monitoring of vitals especially oxygen

saturation

Baseline labs including CBC, Urine RE,CRP,

Coagulation profile, ABGs and chest imaging
Self care
After exposure to someone who has COVID-19, do the following:
• Call your health care provider or COVID-19 hotline to find out where and when to get a
test.
• Cooperate with contact-tracing procedures to stop the spread of the virus.
• If testing is not available, stay home and away from others for 14 days.
• While you are in quarantine, do not go to work, to school or to public places. Ask
someone to bring you supplies.
• Keep at least a 1-metre distance from others, even from your family members.
• Wear a medical mask to protect others, including if/when you need to seek medical care.
• Clean your hands frequently.
• Stay in a separate room from other family members, and if not possible, wear a medical
mask.
• Keep the room well-ventilated.
• If you share a room, place beds at least 1 metre apart.
• Monitor yourself for any symptoms for 14 days.
• Call your health care provider immediately if you have any of these danger signs: difficulty
breathing, loss of speech or mobility, confusion or chest pain.
• Stay positive by keeping in touch with loved ones by phone or online, and by exercising at
home.
PRONING FOR SELF CARE AT HOME

PRONING is the process of turning a patient with precise, safe motions, from their
back onto their abdomen (stomach), so the individual is lying face down.

Proning is a medically accepted position to improves breathing comfort and

oxygenation.

It is extremely beneficial in COVID-19 patients with compromised breathing

comfort, especially during home isolation.

Prone positioning improves ventilation, keeps alveolar units open and breathing
easy.

Proning is required only when the patient feels difficulty in breathing and the
SpO2 decreases below 94 (less than 94)
For Self-Proning:
•You will need 4-5 Pillows.
• Regular alterations in lying position
• Best is to not spend more than 30 minutes in each position
 Normal body temp for >3 days

Significantly recovered respiratory symptoms

Lung imaging showing obvious absorption

Discharge
Standards
Negative PCR RESULTS FOR CONSECUTIVE TWO
TIMES (sampling interval at leaste one day)

Recommended to monitor health for 14 days,

wear face mask and stay in a single ventilated
room.
Prevention and Control Guidelines for Children

Do not go Wear Maintain Cover Listen

Do not go to Wear a mask Maintain a Cover your Listen to your
crowded places, when going out, regular schedule mouth and nose parents and seek
and do not and remember to and healthy diet. with a paper immediate
attend parties. remind your Wash your towel or by medical care if
parents and hands carefully elbow you have a fever
grandparents to before meals and when sneezing or or get sic
do so. after defecation. coughing.
Take more
exercises at
home with your
parents.
Together we can save this world by
following precautionary measures
and taking care of each other...

Thank you…