ACTIVITY5

DIAGNOSING
INFECTIOUS
DISEASES
 CASE STUDY

A 44-year-old male patient, came in the tertiary hospital with symptoms

of fever, cough, and chills. His vital signs were as follows: Blood
Pressure-130/90 mmHg; Temperature: 38.9 degrees Celsius, Pulse rate:
100 beats per minute; Respiratory Rate-24 cycles per minute.
Client History:
On November 30, 2019, he was treated for community-acquired
pneumonia with intravenous antibiotics, but his condition deteriorated,
and he required intubation.
On December 1, 2019 the patient’s condition became even worse and
following a cardiac arrest, it was not possible to revive him. He had no
known comorbidities and reported no history of smoking.
S Y S T E M S I N V O LV E D

RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM
IMMUNE
SYSTEM
NERVOUS
SYSTEM
EXCRETORY
SYSTEM
POSSIBLE MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS

COVID-19

Streptococcus pneumoniae
(Community Acquired
Pneumonia)
POSSIBLE MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS

COVID-19

Streptococcus pneumoniae
(Community Acquired
Pneumonia)
 M A N I F E S TAT I O N S P R E S E N T E D A N D
O T H E R P O S S I B L E M A N I F E S TAT I O N S

MANIFESTATIONS EXHIBITED:

• fever of 38.9 degrees Celsius, cough, and chills;

vital signs: blood pressure at 130/90 mmHg where normal BP is 120/80, 24 breaths per minute.

• On November 30, 2019 the patient showed signs of and was treated for pneumonia.

• Later on, December 1, 2019, the patient’s condition became worse and he experienced
cardiac arrest where he could not be revived.

OTHER POSSIBLE MANIFESTATIONS: sore throat, blue discoloration of the lips or face,
muscle or body aches, headache, and even fatigue.
L A B O R AT O R Y A N D D I A G N O S T I C
PROCEDURES

• SEROLOGY TEST
• COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT (CBC)
• POLYMERISE CHAIN REACTION TEST
(PCR)
• CHEST X-RAY
MICROORGANISMS AND MODE OF TRANSMISSION

MICROORGANISMS:

• SARS-CoV-2

• Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus)

MODE OF TRANSMISSION:

• Human to human transmission

 P R E V E N T I V E A N D C U R AT I V E M E A S U R E S

General Preventive Measurements:

• Regularly and thoroughly clean your hands with an alcohol based hand rub or wash them
with soap and water.
• Maintain at least 1 metre (3 feet) distance between yourself and others.
• Avoid going to crowded places.
• Avoid touching eyes, nose and mouth.
• Make sure you, and the people around you, follow good respiratory hygiene. This means
covering your mouth and nose with your bent elbow or tissue when you cough or sneeze.
• Then dispose of the used tissue immediately and wash your hands.
 P R E V E N T I V E A N D C U R AT I V E M E A S U R E S

General Preventive Measurements:

• Stay home and self isolate even with minor symptoms such as cough, headache, mild fever,
until you recover. Have someone bring you supplies. If you need to leave your house, wear a
mask to avoid infecting others.
• If you have a fever, cough and difficulty breathing, seek medical attention, but call by
telephone in advance if possible and follow the directions of your local health authority.
• Keep up to date on the latest information from trusted sources, such as WHO or your local
and national health authorities.)
 P R E V E N T I V E A N D C U R AT I V E M E A S U R E S
Home Preventive Measurements:
For ill people: (fever and cough) Isolate yourself for 14 days.
• Clean hands frequently with soap and water or with alcohol based hand rub
• Stay at Stay at home; do not attend work, school, or public places. home; do not attend work,
school, or public places. Rest, drink plenty of fluids and eat nutritious food. Rest, drink plenty of
fluids and eat nutritious food.
• Stay in a separate room from other family members, but if not possible wear a medical mask and
keep distance of at least 1 meter (3 feet) from other people. Keep the room well ventilated and if
possible use a dedicated bathroom.
• When coughing or sneezing, cover mouth and nose with flexed elbow or use disposable tissue
and discard after use. If you experience difficulty breathing, call your health care facility
immediately
 P R E V E N T I V E A N D C U R AT I V E M E A S U R E S

Home Preventive Measurements:

For All members of the household:
• Wash hands with soap and water regularly
• Avoid unnecessary exposure to the ill person and avoid sharing items, such as eating utensils,
dishes, drinks and towels.
• When coughing or sneezing, cover mouth and nose with flexed elbow or use disposable
tissue and discard after use.
• Monitor everyone’s health for symptoms such as fever, cough and difficult breathing appear,
call your health care facility immediately.
 P R E V E N T I V E A N D C U R AT I V E M E A S U R E S

Home Preventive Measurements:

For Caregivers:
• Ensure the ill person is rest, drink plenty fluids and eats nutritious food.
• Wear a Wear a medical mask when in the same room with an ill medical mask when in the
same room with an ill person. Do not touch the mask or face during use and person. Do not
touch the mask or face during use and discard it afterward.
• Frequently clean hands with soap and water or alcohol
 P R E V E N T I V E A N D C U R AT I V E M E A S U R E S

Home Preventive Measurements:

For Caregivers:
• Use dedicated dishes, cups, eating utensils, towels and bedlinen for the ill person. Wash
dishes, cups, eating utensils, towels and bedlinen used by ill person with soap and water
immediately
• Identify frequently touched surfaces by the ill person and clean and disinfect them daily.
• Call your health care facility immediately if the ill person worsens or experiences difficulty
breathing.
 P R E V E N T I V E A N D C U R AT I V E M E A S U R E S

Hospital/CURATIVE Treatment:
Doctors will check you for more serious problems. They might:
• Check the levels of oxygen in your blood with a clip on finger
monitor
• Listen to your lungs
• Give you a chest X ray or CT scan