Presentation

TUNNEL BORING MACHINE (TBM)

 Asslam O Alaikum
Hello Everyone
Today Is the First Presentation Of Geology Class And presented By
Group A
I Hope it will be very helpful to you
Lets Start
Introduction

A tunnel boring machine, also known as a

"mole", is a machine used to excavate tunnels
with a circular cross section through a variety
of soil and rock strata. They may also be used
for microtunneling. They can be designed to
bore through anything from hard rock to sand.
History

 The first successful tunnelling shield was

developed by Sir Marc Isambard Brunel to
excavate the Thames Tunnel in 1825. However,
this was only the invention of the shield
concept and did not involve the construction of
a complete tunnel boring machine, the digging
still having to be accomplished by the then
standard excavation methods
 The first boring machine reported to have been
built was Henri-Joseph Maus's Mountain
Slicer.
History

 Commissioned by the King of Sardinia in 1845 to dig the Fréjus Rail Tunnel

 between France and Italy through the Alps, Maus had it built in 1846 in an
arms factory near Turin. It consisted of more than 100 percussion drills
mounted in the front of a locomotive-sized machine, mechanically power-
driven from the entrance of the tunnel.
 The Revolutions of 1848 affected the funding, and the tunnel was not
completed until 10 years later, by using less innovative and less expensive
methods such as pneumatic drills.
Facts

 The world's largest hard rock TBM, known as Martina, was built by 

Herrenknecht AG. Its excavation diameter was 15.62 m (51 ft 3 in),
total length 130 m (430 ft); excavation area of 192 m2 (2,070 sq ft),
thrust value 39,485 t, total weight 4,500 tons, total installed capacity
18 MW. Its yearly energy consumption was about 62 million kWh).
It is owned and operated by the Italian construction company Toto
S.p.A. Costruzioni Generali (Toto Group) for the Sparvo gallery of
the Italian Motorway Pass A1 ("Variante di Valico A1"), near
Florence. The same company built the 
world's largest-diameter slurry TBM, excavation diameter of 17.6
metres (57 ft 9 in), owned and operated by the French construction
company Dragages Hong Kong (Bouygues' subsidiary) for the Tuen
Mun Chek Lap Kok link in Hong Kong.
Parts Of Tunnel Boring Machine
Types And Uses Of Tunnel Boring
Machine
 Hard rock tunnel boring machine
Types And Uses Of Tunnel Boring
Machine
 Soft ground tunnel boring machine
Types/Models Of Tunnel Boring
Machine
 YD3500 Rock Pipe Jacking Machine
 YD3500 Rock Pipe Jacking Machine
 NPD3500 slurry balance pipe jack
 TPD3500 Earth Pressure Balance
 YD2400 Rock Pipe Jacking Machine
 NPT3700 slurry balance shield Machine
 NPD2000 slurry balance pipe jack
 YD1650 Rock Pipe Jacking Machine
Uses

 There are mainly two types of tunnel boring machines that are mainly
used.
 A tunnel boring machine is the modern type of machine used for
boring the tunnel. It is also used for microtunneling.
 It can also be used for the excavation of non-circular tunnels, u-
shaped tunnels, horseshoe tunnels, rectangular tunnels as well as
square tunnels.
 The diameter of the tunnel that can be excavated can range from 1
meter to 17.6 meters.
Uses

 Tunnel boring machine can be used as an alternative to the

conventional drilling and blasting method of tunnel
construction.
 The machine is manufactured in such a way that only limited
disturbance is caused to the surrounding soil layers and to
ensure the excavated tunnel has a smooth wall. Hence, the cost
of the tunnel lining can be reduced greatly.
 TBMs are the most desirable method of tunnel construction for
heavily urbanized areas.
Advantages

 Some of the advantages of the tunnel boring machine can be listed

as follows:
 It offers a higher degree of precision and the entire operation can be
completed within a short period.
 It is suitable for the construction of tunnels in high traffic areas and
urbanized areas.
 It is designed to operate in various ground condition as it is capable
of boring sand to hard rocks.
 It can also be used for the tunnel construction even in difficult
conditions such as below water table.
Advantages

 It offers greater structural stability and safety at the face as well as the work area.
  It can be operated continuously.
 It is capable of boring without causing significant disturbance to the surrounding
soil layers.
 The operation of TBM is relatively consistent and less skilled.
  It offers a better working environment compared to the conventional drilling and
blasting method.
 The number of laborers required is also lesser.
Disadvantages

 The main disadvantage of the tunnel boring machine is the upfront

cost. This is because the high cost is required for the supporting
accessories and equipment such as conveyor belts, slurry separating
plant, slurry pipelines, drill bits, TBM cutters etc
 TBMs offer limited flexibility in terms of geological extremities.
 High backup systems are required for TBMs.
 TBMs offer only fixed circular geometry and tunnel diameter.
Disadvantages

 The mobilization time required is higher.

 The machine is very heavy and transportation is difficult.
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