Developmentalism in the

20th Century
prepared by: Ma. Sheilla C. Alcantara
Content

1 Developmentalism to the Present

2 Sociological
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 it presumes "natural" ontogenesis to be
optimal and it requires experimentally
demonstrated teaching practices to
overcome a presumption that they
interfere with an optimal developmental
trajectory. It also discourages teachers
Developmentalism and parents from asserting themselves with
children. Instead of effective
interventions, it seeks the preservation of
a postulated natural perfection" (Stone,
p. 1, 1998)
 In the years during which it
gained ascendance,
developmentalism served as a
basis for rejecting harsh and
Developmentalism inhumane teaching methods.
Today it impedes efforts to
hold schools accountable for
student academic
achievement.
 Noted Developmentalist:

Johann heinrich Freidrich Wilhelm August JOHANN FRIEDRICH HERBART Maria Montessori
Pestalozzi Froebel
 Johann heinrich Pestalozzi

He believed that pedagogical reform would lead to

social reform. Learning comethrough the senses.

*Music- He viewed music as important part of

elementary curriculum

Pestalozzi saw teaching as a subject worth

studying in its own right and he is therefore known
as the father of pedagogy (the method and
practice of teaching, especially as an academic
subject or theoretical concept).
 Freidrich Wilhelm August Froebel

known for his "kindergarten". Children should

not be thought why they don't understand.
Introduce the role of play in the school program.
Kindergarten system:
This process should begin as soon as possible
and under as natural conditions as possible. The
program encouraged free activity, so that forces
within the child could be released;
 JOHANN FRIEDRICH HERBART

known for his highly structured

methodology of teaching
(Herbartian Method)

-This step is concerned with

the task of preparing the
students for receiving new
knowledge.
Herbart advocated five formal
steps in teaching:
1) preparation—a process of relating new material to be learned to relevant past
ideas or memories in order to give the pupil a vital interest in the topic under
consideration;
2) presentation—presenting new material by means of concrete objects or actual
experience;
3) association—thorough assimilation of the new idea through comparison with
former ideas and consideration of their similarities and differences in order to
implant the new idea in the mind;
4) generalization—a procedure especially important to the instruction of
adolescents and designed to develop the mind beyond the level of perception and
the concrete;
5) application—using acquired knowledge not in a purely utilitarian way but so
that every learned idea becomes a part of the functional mind and an aid to a clear,
vital interpretation of life. This step is presumed possible only if the student
immediately applies the new idea, making it his own.
 Maria Montessori

Maria Montessori was an Italian physician, educator, and innovator, acclaimed for her educational method
that builds on the way children learn naturally.
She is also known internationally because of her Casa de Bambini which offered early childhood education.
1. Play is work
We should take the play very seriously as it is the way the child expresses himself.
“Play is the work of the child.”
– Maria Montessori
2. Prepared environment
The prepared environment is an essential part of the Montessori method. It should
be an environment of beauty, where children can move freely and act independently.
3. Independence
Montessori education leads to independence. It encourages exploration and teaches
toddlers to take responsibility for themselves, their belongings, and the
environment. The Montessori schedule often includes practical activities like
sweeping or personal care.
The golden rule of the Montessori approach is:

“Never help a child with a task at which he feels he can succeed.”

– Maria Montessori
4. Hands-on learning
Children learn through experience. From birth to the age of 6, the child is able to
learn new things effortlessly and unconsciously, just by being in the right
environment and having the opportunities to explore.
5. Observation
Raising children in the Montessori philosophy means observing them carefully and
noticing what they are interested in.
6. Freedom within limits
Freedom doesn’t mean children can do whatever they want.
7. Respect
The Montessori method is about mutual respect between the child and the parent

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UzmvtVAuuyI
 John Dewey

JOHN DEWEY-known for his philosophy of pragmatism. He viewed

education as a process of social activity and the school was related
to the society which it served.

Pragmatism-is an educational philosophy that says education

should be teaching students the things that are practical for life and
encourages them to grow into better people. Many famous
educators including John Dewey, William James were pragmatists.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yPlbzfo0SpM
Jean Piaget

Prior to Piaget's theory, children were often thought of simply as

mini-adults. Instead, Piaget suggested that the way children think is
fundamentally different from the way that adults think.

Piaget's theory had a tremendous influence on the emergence of

developmental psychology as a distinctive subfield within
psychology and contributed greatly to the field of education. He is
also credited as a pioneer of the constructivist theory, which
suggests that people actively construct their knowledge of the world
based on the interaction between their ideas and experiences.
 This leading movement in
education is atributed to John
Dewey. the focus in on the
contibution of education to the
Sociological Movement
preservation and progress of
the society; what he called as
the social function of
education
 Two points of view

1. Social Tradionalism
Aim; To give pupils insight in to their tradion to arouse sympathy towward social servise

2. Social Experementalism
Aim: To foster social change specially in the field of science and technology to meet the needs of the
changing society.
 references:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yPlbzfo0SpM
https://www.google.com/search?q=meaning+of+pragmatism+education+by+john+dewey
https://www.montessoriup.com/what-is-montessori/
https://jhpestalozzi.org/
https://slideplayer.com/slide/16978027/
https://youtu.be/IhcgYgx7aAA
https://youtu.be/OJ-fm2P3uXc
https://philosophy-question.com/library/lecture/read/387373-what-is-developmentalism-education
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/49609886_Developmentalism_An_Obscure_but_
Pervasive_Restriction
thank you for listening!