A

Seminar
on
“ADVANCE DEVELOPMENT IN HYPERSONIC
CRUISE MISSILE”
By

Mr. Rathod Vikas Bansi

(Roll No. 2443)

Guided By
Prof. P.B.Bhoyar

Mechanical Engineering Department

MSS’s College of Engineering & Technology, Jalna
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Inertial guidance system
3.1 Characteristics of IGS
3.2 Classification of IGS
3.2.1 Stable platform systems
3.2.1 Strapdown IGS
3.3. Construction of IGS
3.4. Working of IGS
Contents
4.Advantages of IGS
5.Disadvantages of IGS
6.Conclusion
7.References
1.Introduction
 What is missile?
 “Basically any object thrown at a target with the aim
of hitting it is a missile.”
 What is Cruise Missile?
 A cruise missile is a guided missile used against
terrestrial targets that remains in the atmosphere and
flies the major portion of its flight path at
approximately constant speed.
 2.LITERATURE REVIEW
 Sibu C.M, Krishnakumar.G & Nithin.G. Focused on
“major systems of a missile such as the control and
guidance system, they also explained technical
development in Ballistic and cruise missiles. They
also explained a design of HCM and Target attacking
ability, aerial fast strike capability.”
 Jiangning Xu, Hongyang He, Fangjun Qin, and Lubin
Chang studied on Characteristics of SINS, they
presented a dual model- based in-motion alignment
method for the odometer-aided SINS.
3.INERTIAL GUIDANCESYSTEM
Inertial guidance system is an electronic guidance
system that is used to monitor the Velocity, acceleration
and position of the missile in air continuously. It
consists of following elements:
Gyroscopes:
Acts as position sensor by calculating with
fixed reference point.
Accelerometers:
Acts as motion sensor to measure the velocity
of missile.
 3.1CHARACTERISTICS OF INERTIAL GUIDANCE
SYSTEMS

Variables Characteristics

Measurement principle Inertial acceleration

System operation Autonomous

Output Variables Positions, Orientation

angles
Long-wavelength errors High

Short Wavelength errors Low

Data Rate High(≥25 Hz)

 3.2 CLASSIFICATION OF IGS
3.2.1. Stable Platform Systems
In stable platform type systems the inertial sensors are
mounted on a platform which is isolated from any external
rotational motion. In other words the platform is held in
alignment with the global frame. This is achieved by
mounting the platform using gimbals (frames) which allow
the platform freedom in all three axes, as shown in
Figure1.
Fig.1 Stable platform IMU systems
3.2.2 STRAPDOWN INS
 Strapdown INS (SINS) mainly refers to obtaining
initial attitude matrix between the body frame and the
navigation frame.
 The alignment procedure often consists of two
consecutive stages: coarse alignment and fine
alignment.
 The purpose of coarse alignment is to provide an
initial attitude for the fine alignment.
 The current fine alignment methods based on Kalmar
filtering or gyrocompass theory rely heavily on the
coarse alignment stage to provide a roughly known
initial attitude.
 Otherwise, they cannot guarantee a rapid and
accurate alignment result.
Fig.3 Main idea of DMIA
3.3CONSTRUCTION OF IGS
 The IGS consists of following parts

1. Accelerometers
2. Gyroscope
3. Pitch motor
4.Azimith motor
5.Roll motor
6. Mounting frame
It is shown in fig.4
Fig.4 Component of IGS
3.4 WORKING OF IGS
Inertial navigation is a self-contained navigation
technique in which measurements provided by
accelerometers and gyroscopes are used to track the
position and orientation of an object relative to a
known starting point, orientation and velocity.
Inertial measurement units (IMUs) typically contain
three orthogonal rate-gyroscopes and three
orthogonal accelerometers, measuring angular
velocity and linear acceleration respectively.
By processing signals from these devices it is
possible to track the position and orientation of a
device.
Fig5. General layout of IGS
4.ADVANTAGES OF IGS
 The advantage of an INS is that it requires no external
references in order to determine its position,
orientation, or velocity once it has been initialized.
 It works under Fire and Forget principle is an type of
guidance system used in Ballistic and cruise missiles
in which no control or guidance is necessary after the
launch of the missile.
 It gives instantaneous output of position and velocity.
 IGS is a self contained.
5.DISADVANTAGES OF IGS
 The Size and weight, which have been shrinking.
 Power requirements, which have been shrinking along
with size and weight but are still.
 Higher than those for GPS receivers.
 It has more heat dissipation, which is proportional to
and shrinking with power requirements.
 IGS systems is have a more cost, including the
acquisition cost, operations cost, and Maintenance of
cost.
6.CONCLUSION
 IGS will be used to measure the
angles, distances, position and altitude
of hypersonic cruise missiles.
7. REFERENCES
[1] Sibu C.M, Krishnakumar.G & Nithin.G. “Advanced development in
Hypersonic Cruise Missile – Inertial Guidance System, Universal launch
Platform & Ramjet Engine”, Journal of Basic and Applied Engineering
Research, ISSN: 2350-0255; Volume 1, Number 10; October, 2014 pp. 15-29
[2] Jiangning Xu, Hongyang He, Fangjun Qin, and Lubin Chang, “A novel
Autonomous Initial Alignment Method for Strapdown Inertial Navigation
System”,ISSN: 0018-9456 ;2017
[3] Singh. Z.D, “Cruise Missiles: Evolution, Proliferation and Future”,ISSN:
0976-1004 Journal of Defence Studies, Vol. 6, No. 3, July 2012, pp. 139–142.
[4]. NASA “ Advanced Missile Technology A Review of Technology
Improvement Areas for Cruise Missiles”, Report no 3187 .
[5] V. Karthikeyan ,A K Kapoor “Guided Missiles”, Defence Research 8-
Development laboratory Hyderahad ,pp.23-36
[6] Wikipedia, “Inertial Navigation systems”
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inertial_navigation_systems.
THANK YOU…