ROAD

PAVEMENT
FENNY NOVITA MEYSABED SIANTURI, S.S.T., M.Tr.T
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Students can explain the basic mechanisms of pavement types
2. Students can explain the differences between flexible pavement and
rigid pavements
3. Students can explain the parts of the pavement and their functions
 Jenis Perkerasan
Flexible Rigid
01 02
Pavement Pavement

Composite
03
Pavement
BASIC MECHANISM OF PAVEMENT

GROUND LOADED

LOAD SPREADING  GROUND

STRESSING

DEFLECTION

COLLAPSE
RIGID PAVEMENT

• Generally consist only from one layer.

• Using portland cement as a bonding agent.
• Has great stiffness and compressive strength
so that the traffic load is directly held by the
pavement structure itself.

Pavement planning is determined more by

vehicle loads than by subgrade conditions
FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT

• Generally consists of several pavement layer

• Using asphalt as bonding agent

• Loads are passed to the subgrade in stages

and layers (layer system)

• The load received by the subgrade must be

less than the carrying capacity of the soil.

Each layer must be able to accept all types of

working forces, the top layer receives
vertical and vibration forces and the
subgrade only accepts vertical loads.
 Difference on Flexible
Pavement and Rigid
Item
Pavement Flexible Pavement Rigid Pavement

Plan Age (Service Plan Age: Effective for 20-30

1 Plan Age: Effective for 5-10 Years
Age) Years of 1 Construction

2 Deflection Tend to deflect Rarely deflect

Flexible Pavement is smoother and more comfortable for riding.

3 Surface Shape
Characterized as a beam above placement

Considered to the construction Initial costs relatively more

Construction and (process), so that it costs less, yet expensive but need no annual
4
Maintenance Costs annual or up to 5 years care routine routine (at the same certain
is required age as the flexible pavement)
EXAMPLE OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT
EXAMPLE OF RIGID PAVEMENT
 LAYER OF PAVEMENT

SUBGRADE
Compacted soil from a fill or excavation.
Requirements : Dense, waterproof, stable, not cracked
during the summer and not slippery during the rainy season.
Function : Provide Support to Pavement

BASE COURSE
The layer that extends over the subgrade consists of crushed
rock
or gravel or mixed with asphalt binder.
Function: as a foundation and has a major role in strength
structure and load distribution.
SURFACE
The layer in direct contact with the wheels, It can be asphalt
or concrete. Sometimes it consists of a wear layer.
Requirements: must have good endurance, stable and able to
 SUB BASE

The layer that lies between the subgrade and base

FUNCTION:
•Support and spread wheel load
•Maintain efficient use of cheaper materials
•Prevent subgrade from entering into the foundation layer.

CONSIST OF :
•Stone, gravel, sand soil, aggregate, ATSB (asphalt treated sub
base)  Laston, Soil Stabilization
 BASE COURSE

A layer that lies between surface and sub base

FUNCTION :
•Pavement layers that support wheel loads
•Positioning against the surface layer
•Passing the force to the sub base
CONSIST OF :
•Telford foundation material
•Aggregate material
•Asphalt treated base
•Material stabilization
 WEARING COURSE

A layer that has direct contact with the vehicle wheels.

FUNCTION :
•As a pavement material that can withstand wheel loads
•As a waterproof layer to protect the road body from
•weather damage

CONSIST OF :
•A mixture of aggregate and asphalt, asphalt material is used as a
bonding agent, so the coating can be waterproof
•Asphaltic concrete
•Lasbutag
•Latasir, buras, burda
•Stone Mastic Asphalt
 Flexible Pavement Composition

• SOIL, generally dominant in the elements of

subgrade pavement
• SAND
• AGGREGATE
• ASPHALT
 SUBGRADE
The durability and strength of pavement construction is
depends by subgrade characteristics..

Deflection
during and
after loading Swelling
SUBGRADE
PROBLEMS
Imperfect
compaction Uneven Soil
settlement Bearing
Capacity
 Permanent Deform

RUTTING

Swelling at Expansive Soil

SUB GRADE CRITERIA:

• Original soil conditions

• Subgrade comes from fill
• Subgrade comes from excavation
(Backfill).
SUBGRADE BASIC PRINCIPLES

The subgrade layer must be C

able to provide a stable O
foundation M
P
Do not have excessive deflection A
when get dynamic loading C
T
I
O
N
Maintain moisture content
within tolerance
COMPACTION

PURPOSE :
• improve soil quality
• Increase shear strength of the soil
• Improve soil bearing capacity
• Minimizing drop
• Minimizes soil permeability
• Control relative volume change
 HOW TO CREATE ELIGIBLE ROAD CONSTRUCTIONS
1. Planning the thickness of each pavement layer
By calculate the carrying capacity of the subgrade, the carried traffic load,
environmental conditions, the type of layer chosen, the thickness of each layer
can be determined based on existing calculation methods.
2. Mixture analysis
By calculate the quality and quantity of local materials available, a particular
mixture arrangement is planned so that the specifications of the selected
coating type are met.
3. Supervision of work implementation
A good pavement thickness planning, composition of mixtures that meet the
requirements cannot guarantee the production of a pavement layer that meets
what is desired.
 CONCLUSION

1. BASIC MECHANISMS OF THE TYPES OF PAVEMENTS

2. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RIGID AND FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS
3. PAVEMENTS PARTS AND FUNCTIONS