Types of Equivalence

M. Ed. 2nd Sem.

 Types
• Formal vs. Dynamic equivalence
• Communicative vs. Semantic equivalence
• Pragmatic vs. Textual equivalence
• Communicative vs. semantic equivalence
• This classification is introduced by Peter Newmark.
• Communicative is TL oriented and semantic is SL
oriented.
• Communicative translation attempts to produce on its
readers an effect as possible to that obtained on the
readers of the original.
• Semantic translation attempts to render, as closely as
the semantic and analytic structures of the second
language allow, the exact meaning of the original.
• The concept of communicative equivalence
resembles to dynamic equivalence, and
semantic is equal to formal translation.
• Communicative equivalence attempts to
render to the exact contextual meaning of the
original