Harappan civilization

Aaradhya Singh 6th A

Harappa

Harappa (Punjabi pronunciation)I s an archaeological site

 in Punjab, Pakistan, about 24 km (15 mi) west of Sahiwal.
The site takes its name from a modern village located near
the former course of the Ravi River which now runs 8 km
(5.0 mi) to the north. The current village of Harappa is less
than 1 km (0.62 mi) from the ancient site. Although modern
Harappa has a legacy railway station from the British Raj
 period, it is a small crossroads town of 15,000 people
today.
The site of the ancient city contains the ruins of a Bronze Age 
fortified city, which was part of the Indus Valley civilisation centred
in Sindh and the Punjab, and then the Cemetery H culture.The city
is believed to have had as many as 23,500 residents and occupied
about 150 hectares (370 acres) with clay brick houses at its
greatest extent during the Mature Harappan phase (2600 BC –
1900 BC), which is considered large for its time.
The Major Cities of Indus Valley Civilization are:-

1. Mohenjo – Daro
2. Harappa
Town Planning

A notable feature of Harappa architecture is that of a developed infrastructural

city plan, in that they had sophisticated systems to control the flow of water
and waste with public wells and drains that may have required advanced
planning to implement. The cities were divided into rectilinear grids, encircled
by fortifications, with each block containing a network of houses and public
wells. Harappa cities featured urban and social elements such as roads, fire
pits, kilns.
Harappan life

OCCUPATION
The main occupation of the people of the Indus Valley Civilization
was Agriculture. Main Crops: Wheat, Barley, Rice, Dates, Mustard,
and Cotton.
Clothes
The fashion of the Harappan and Mohenjo-Daro people
consisted of loin cloth for men, wrap skirts and shoulder
shawls for women, sandals made out of cloth and wood,
and their cloths were made out of cotton and woolen yarn.
Faith
The Indus Valley religion is polytheistic and is made up of Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism.

Belief
There are many seals to support the evidence of the Indus Valley Gods.

Ornaments
At the top are fillets of hammered gold that would have been worn around the forehead. 
Decline of Harappan Civilziation

Many scholars believe that the collapse of the Indus Valley Civilization was caused by climate change. Some experts believe the drying of the Saraswati River,
which began around 1900 BCE, was the main cause for climate change, while others conclude that a great flood struck the area. After flourishing for more than
1000 years Harappa Civilization came to an end; the decline of Harappa civilization has been explained quite differently by different sections of scholars. 
This controversy about the decline of Harappan Civilization is
the outcome of the fact that excavation carried out at various
Harappa settlements have brought to light different evidence
indicating decline caused by different factors. This varied
evidence has been used by scholars to put forward different
theories to explain the decline of this great civilization.
According to this theory, Harappa Civilization was attacked by
Vedic Aryans, these Aryans came from outside, they were
warlike people & they destroyed Harappa towns & cities.