Republic of the Philippines

Cagayan State University

Andrews Campus, Tuguegarao City, 3500 Cagayan
 (078) 844-7631; http://www.csu.edu.ph
COLLEGE OF ALLIED HEALTH SCIENCES
Department of Medical Technology

Prevalence and Determinants of

Vaccination Hesitance Among
Mothers of Children 0-5 years old in
Selected Western Barangays of
Tuguegarao City
Group F
Angalao Justine, De Rosas Rupert John, Jr. Lugo Wilfredo, Rivero
Clarence Ville
 ORDER OF PRESENTATION

▰ Introduction ▰ Summary and Conclusion

▰ Statement of a Problem ▰ Recommendations
▰ Results and Discussions

2
INTRODUCTION

▰ Complex and dynamic issue

▰ Epidemiological triad
▰ Development of different tools and strategies
▰ Counter vaccine hesitancy at the population level

3
 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

1. What is the profile of the mothers of children aged 0-5 years old
in Buntun, Pallua Sur, and Pallua Norte Tuguegarao City?
a) Demographic profile
b) Socio-economic profile
c) Health-seeking behavior
d) Vaccination status of children

4
 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

2. What is the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy in each barangay?

3. What factors affect the vaccine hesitancy of the mother respondents?
a) Socio-cultural
b) Political
c) Financial
d) Personal

5
 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

4. Is there a significant relationship between the prevalence of

vaccine hesitancy with the profile variables of the respondents?
5. Is there a significant difference between the factors that affect
vaccine hesitancy when the mother respondents are grouped
according to their profile variables?

6
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Demographic Profile
a) Age Group
AgeGroup

  Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Valid 18-23 46 13.9 13.9 13.9
24-29 86 26.0 26.0 39.9
30-35 125 37.8 37.8 77.6

36-41 66 19.9 19.9 97.6

42-47 8 2.4 2.4 100.0

Total 331 100.0 100.0  
7
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

b) Barangay of Residence
Barangay

Cumulative
  Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid Buntun 115 34.7 34.7 34.7
Pallua Norte
95 28.7 28.7 63.4

Pallua Sur
121 36.6 36.6 100.0

Total 331 100.0 100.0  

8
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

c. Marital Status
MaritalStatus

  Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Valid Single 33 10.0 10.0 10.0
Married 248 74.9 74.9 84.9
Separated
7 2.1 2.1 87.0

Live-in 43 13.0 13.0 100.0

Total 331 100.0 100.0  

9
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

d. Highest Educational Attainment

HighestEducationalAttainment

Cumulative
  Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid No formal education
7 2.1 2.1 2.1

Elementary 6 1.8 1.8 3.9

High school 115 34.7 34.7 38.7
College 200 60.4 60.4 99.1
Vocational 3 .9 .9 100.0
Total 331 100.0 100.0  
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

e. Number of Attended Seminars about Vaccination

AttendedSeminars

  Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Valid none 305 92.1 92.1 92.1
1 to 3 9 2.7 2.7 94.9
4 to 6 16 4.8 4.8 99.7
more than 6
1 .3 .3 100.0

Total 331 100.0 100.0  

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

f. Number of Children
Number of Children

  Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Valid 1 to 3 283 85.5 85.5 85.5

4 to 6 45 13.6 13.6 99.1

more than 6
3 .9 .9 100.0

Total 331 100.0 100.0  

12
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Socio-economic Profile
a. Religion
Religion
Cumulative
  Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid Roman Catholic
302 91.2 91.2 91.2

Born again 21 6.3 6.3 97.6

Iglesia ni Cristo
5 1.5 1.5 99.1

Mormon 1 .3 .3 99.4
Presbyterian
2 .6 .6 100.0

Total 331 100.0 100.0  

 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

b. Type of family
TypeofFamily

  Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Valid Nuclear 172 52.0 52.0 52.0

Extended
108 32.6 32.6 84.6

Joint
40 12.1 12.1 96.7

Blended
11 3.3 3.3 100.0

Total  
331 100.0 100.0

14
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

c. Family size
FamilySize

  Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Valid less than 3
94 28.4 28.4 28.4

3 to 5 97 29.3 29.3 57.7

6 to 8 113 34.1 34.1 91.8
more than 8
27 8.2 8.2 100.0

Total 331 100.0 100.0  

15
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

d. Occupation
Occupation

  Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Valid White collar
59 17.8 17.8 17.8

Blue collar 96 29.0 29.0 46.8

Self-employed
103 31.1 31.1 77.9

Unemployed
73 22.1 22.1 100.0

Total 331 100.0 100.0  

16
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

e. Average annual income

AnnualIncome
Cumulative
  Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid Under 40,000 28 8.5 8.5 8.5
40,000 to 59,999
64 19.3 19.3 27.8

60000 to 99999
147 44.4 44.4 72.2

100000 to 249999
70 21.1 21.1 93.4

250000 to 499999
22 6.6 6.6 100.0

Total 331 100.0 100.0  

17
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

f. Membership in organization

Membership

  Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Valid none
331 100.0 100.0 100.0

18
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Health-seeking Behavior
a. Person sought for medical concerns
PersonMed

Cumulative
  Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid Physicians 121 36.6 36.6 36.6

Barangay Health Workers

54 16.3 16.3 52.9

Midwife 156 47.1 47.1 100.0

Total 331 100.0 100.0  

19
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

b. Institutions visited for medical consultations

Institution
Cumulative
  Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid Private Clinic 53 16.0 16.0 16.0
Public Hospital 114 34.4 34.4 50.5
Private Hospital 5 1.5 1.5 52.0
Barangay Health Station
84 25.4 25.4 77.3

City Health Office

75 22.7 22.7 100.0

Total 331 100.0 100.0  

20
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

c) Platform for seeking medical consultations

Platform

  Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Valid Online 12 3.6 3.6 3.6
Face to face
174 52.6 52.6 56.2

Texting/SMS
9 2.7 2.7 58.9

Self-Directed
136 41.1 41.1 100.0

Total 331 100.0 100.0  

21
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

d. Source of vaccines
SourceofVaccine

Cumulative
  Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid BHS 304 91.8 91.8 91.8
Public Hospital
22 6.6 6.6 98.5

Private Hospital
3 .9 .9 99.4

Private Clinic 2 .6 .6 100.0

Total 331 100.0 100.0  

22
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Score Summary on the Factors Affecting Vaccine Hesitancy

Descriptive Statistics

  N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation

Sociocultural 331 7.00 20.00 11.5498 2.61808
Political 331 6.00 21.00 11.3112 2.29950
Financial 331 7.00 19.00 11.3172 1.87139
Personal 331 13.00 36.00 22.4441 3.50572
Valid N (listwise)

331        

23
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Chi-square test of Independence

▰ Age
Chi-Square Tests

  Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)

Pearson Chi-Square 17.464
a
4 .002
Likelihood Ratio 15.490 4 .004
Linear-by-Linear Association
10.391 1 .001

N of Valid Cases 331    

Table 5.1 Chi-square test for Age group

24
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
AgeGroup * VaccinationStatus Crosstabulation
VaccinationStatus

  Mothers of Non-FIC Mothers of FIC Total

AgeGroup 18-23 Count 14 32 46
Expected Count 5.8 40.2 46.0
% within AgeGroup 30.4% 69.6% 100.0%
24-29 Count 9 77 86
Expected Count 10.9 75.1 86.0
% within AgeGroup 10.5% 89.5% 100.0%
30-35 Count 15 110 125
Expected Count 15.9 109.1 125.0
% within AgeGroup 12.0% 88.0% 100.0%
36-41 Count 3 63 66
Expected Count 8.4 57.6 66.0
% within AgeGroup 4.5% 95.5% 100.0%
42-47 Count 1 7 8
Expected Count 1.0 7.0 8.0
% within AgeGroup 12.5% 87.5% 100.0%
Total Count 42 289
25 331
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

▰ Family size
Chi-Square Tests

  Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)

Pearson Chi-Square 8.286 a
3 .040
Likelihood Ratio 6.748 3 .080
Linear-by-Linear Association
1.802 1 .179

N of Valid Cases 331    

Table 6.1 Chi-square test for family size

26
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
FamilySize * VaccinationStatus Crosstabulation
VaccinationStatus
Mothers of Non-
  FIC Mothers of FIC Total
FamilySize less than 3 Count 10 84 94
Expected Count 11.9 82.1 94.0
% within FamilySize 10.6% 89.4% 100.0%
3 to 5 Count 13 84 97
Expected Count 12.3 84.7 97.0
% within FamilySize 13.4% 86.6% 100.0%
6 to 8 Count 11 102 113
Expected Count 14.3 98.7 113.0
% within FamilySize 9.7% 90.3% 100.0%
more than 8 Count 8 19 27
Expected Count 3.4 23.6 27.0
% within FamilySize 29.6% 70.4% 100.0%
Total Count 42 289 331
Expected Count 42.0 289.0 27331.0
% within FamilySize 12.7% 87.3% 100.0%
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
▰ Occupation
Chi-Square Tests

  Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)

Pearson Chi-Square 9.070a 3 .028
Likelihood Ratio 9.017 3 .029
Linear-by-Linear Association
6.588 1 .010

N of Valid Cases 331    

Table 7.1 Chi-square test for Occupation

28
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Occupation * VaccinationStatus Crosstabulation
VaccinationStatus
Mothers of Non-
  FIC Mothers of FIC Total
Occupation White collar Count 3 56 59
Expected Count 7.5 51.5 59.0
% within Occupation 5.1% 94.9% 100.0%
Blue collar Count 12 84 96
Expected Count 12.2 83.8 96.0
% within Occupation 12.5% 87.5% 100.0%
Self-employed Count 11 92 103
Expected Count 13.1 89.9 103.0
% within Occupation 10.7% 89.3% 100.0%
Unemployed Count 16 57 73
Expected Count 9.3 63.7 73.0
% within Occupation 21.9% 78.1% 100.0%
Total Count 42 289 29
331
Expected Count 42.0 289.0 331.0
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
▰ Barangay
Chi-Square Tests

  Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)

Pearson Chi-Square .918
a
2 .632
Likelihood Ratio .932 2 .628
Linear-by-Linear Association
.400 1 .527

N of Valid Cases 331    

Table 8.1 Chi-square for Barangay of Residence

30
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Barangay * VaccinationStatus Crosstabulation
VaccinationStatus
Mothers of
  Non-FIC Mothers of FIC Total
Barangay Buntun Count 12 103 115
Expected Count 14.6 100.4 115.0
% within Barangay 10.4% 89.6% 100.0%
Pallua Norte Count 14 81 95
Expected Count 12.1 82.9 95.0
% within Barangay 14.7% 85.3% 100.0%
Pallua Sur Count 16 105 121
Expected Count 15.4 105.6 121.0
% within Barangay 13.2% 86.8% 100.0%
Total Count 42 289 331
Expected Count 42.0 289.0 331.0
% within Barangay 12.7% 87.3% 100.0%
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Analysis of Variance
a. Age vs Personal
         
Age Std. Mean
Group Mean N Deviation df Square F Sig.
18-23 22.1739 46 3.53588 4 47.642 4.018 .003
24-29 22.9070 86 3.20525 326 11.856    
30-35 22.9600 125 3.29320 330      
36-41 21.0152 66 3.80887        

42-47 22.7500 8 4.49603        

Total 22.4441 331 3.50572        

32
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

b) Barangay vs Sociocultural, Political, Financial

 

Mean
Barangay Mean N Std. Deviation df Square F Sig.
Buntun
11.1913 115 2.30139 2 110.287 17.721 .000
Pallua Norte
12.8211 95 2.77519 328 6.224    

Pallua Sur
10.8926 121 2.43858 330      

Total        
11.5498 331 2.61808

               
Table 10. ANOVA between Sociocultural and Barangay
33
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Mean
Barangay Mean N Std. Deviation df Square F Sig.
Buntun
10.3826 115 2.68061 2 87.176 18.206 .000
Pallua Norte
11.4421 95 1.62897 328 4.788    
Pallua Sur
12.0909 121 2.04532 330      
Total        
11.3112 331 2.29950

Table 10.1 ANOVA between Political Factor and Barangay

34
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

c) Number of attended seminars vs Personal

ANOVA
 
Mean
AttendedSeminars Mean N Std. Deviation Df Square F Sig.
None 22.3115 305 3.50536 3 41.519 3.454 .017
1 to 3 23.6667 9 3.84057 327 12.022    
4 to 6 24.6250 16 2.27669 330      
more than 6 17.0000 1 .        

Total 22.4441 331 3.50572        

Table 11. ANOVA between Personal and Number of Attended Seminars

35
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
d. Occupation vs Political and Financial
ANOVA
 
 
Std. Mean
Occupation Mean N Deviation df Square F Sig.
White collar  
11.5593 59 2.65402 3 16.886 3.259 .022
Blue collar  
11.8125 96 1.61123 327 5.181    
Self-  
11.0000 103 2.53602 330      
employed
Unemployed          
10.8904 73 2.30676
Total          
11.3112 331 2.29950
Table 12. ANOVA between Political and Occupation
36
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
ANOVA
 

Mean
Occupation Mean N Std. Deviation Df Square F Sig.
White collar
10.9831 59 1.87994 3 20.353 6.080 .000
Blue collar
11.9792 96 1.98934 327 3.348    
Self-employed
11.1456 103 1.89637 330      

Unemployed        
10.9589 73 1.42827
Total        
11.3172 331 1.87139
Table 12.1. ANOVA between Financial and Occupation
37
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

e. Income vs Financial
ANOVA
 

Mean
AnnualIncome Mean N Std. Deviation Df Square F Sig.
Under 40,000 11.4643 28 2.28493 4 14.884 4.427 .002
40,000 to 59,999 12.0781 64 2.18439 326 3.362    
60000 to 99999 11.1837 147 1.64284 330      
100000 to 249999 11.1143 70 1.75733        

250000 to 499999 10.4545 22 1.50324        

Total 11.3172 331 1.87139        

Table 13. ANOVA between Financial and Annual Income

38
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

f. Person sought for medical concern vs Sociocultural, Political

and Financial
ANOVA
 
Std. Mean
PersonMed Mean N Deviation Df Square F Sig.
Physicians
11.9008 121 2.46443 2 30.928 4.611 .011
Barangay Health
12.0741 54 2.66955 328 6.708    
Workers
Midwife
11.0962 156 2.65616 330      
Total        
11.5498 331 2.61808
Table 14. Report between Sociocultural vs Person sought for medical concern.
39
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

ANOVA
 

Std. Mean
PersonMed Mean N Deviation Df Square F Sig.
Physicians 10.809
121 2.53086 2 45.531 9.030 .000
9
Barangay Health 12.370
54 2.07679 328 5.042    
Workers 4
Midwife
11.3333 156 2.05829 330      

Total        
11.3112 331 2.29950

Table 14. 1 Report between Political Factor vs Person sought for medical concern.

40
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

ANOVA

Std. Mean
PersonMed Mean N Deviation Df Square F Sig.
Physicians
11.4132 121 1.92211 2 14.335 4.172 .016
Barangay Health
Workers 11.8704 54 2.08360 328 3.436    

Midwife
11.0513 156 1.71067 330      
Total        
11.3172 331 1.87139
Table 14.2. Report between Financial Factor vs Person sought for medical concern.

41
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

g. Institutions Visited For Medical Consultations vs

Sociocultural and Personal
Std.
SourceofVaccine Mean N Deviation Df Mean Square F Sig.
BHS 11.444
304 2.58266 3 23.283 3.473 .016
1
Public Hospital 12.272
22 2.05129 327 6.704    
7
Private Hospital 15.333
3 5.03322 330      
3
Private Clinic 14.000        
2 5.65685
0
Total 11.549        
331 2.61808
8
Table 15. Sociocultural factors vs Institutions Visited for Medical Consultations
42
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

ANOVA

 
SourceofVaccine Mean N Std. Deviation Df Mean Square F Sig.
BHS
22.3618 304 3.42684 3 39.996 3.323 .020  
Public Hospital
22.7273 22 2.88150 327 12.036     
Private Hospital
28.6667 3 9.45163 330       
Private Clinic        
22.5000 2 4.94975  
Total        
22.4441 331 3.50572  

Table 15.1. Report between Personal factors vs Institutions Visited for Medical Consultations

43
 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

▰ Age, Family size and Occupation were found to have a statistically

significant relationship with the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy.
▰ Age, number of seminars attended on vaccination, income and vaccine
source influences the personal factors affecting vaccine hesitancy
▰ Financial factors were influenced by the variables; occupation, income and
person sought for medical concern
▰ Political factors were influenced by the variables; occupation and person
sought for medical concern

44
 Recommendations

Based on the findings and conclusions its is recommended that:

1. To consider all western barangays of Tuguegarao city as part of the study.
2. Increase the number of categories of the factors that affect vaccine hesitancy.
3. Further development of the tests to assess constructs and achieve greater depth into the
scores.
4. Further testing should be done to validate the results of the study.
5. Assess the strength of correlation among the different variables for better
understanding of the results.

45