Unlocking:

WORD HUNT
 WORD HUNT
Renewable Biomass Coal
Nonrenewable Geothermal Oil
Natural resource Windmill Natural Gas
Solar Power Fossil Fuel Conserve
Wind Energy Hydro Power
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 ENERGY
RESOURCES
LESSON 5
LEARNING TARGETS:
● Explain how heat from inside
the Earth is tapped as a source
of energy
● Explain how energy is
harnessed from alternative
sources such as water and
geothermal heat
● Reflect on how the use of
energy affects the environment
 THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY

It states that energy can neither

be created nor destroyed: it
can only be transformed from
one form to another.

Example:
The solar energy from the sun
is converted into chemical
energy by plants.
WHAT IS ENERGY?
WHAT IS RESOURCE?

• Energy - the capacity to do work

• Resource - the general term
referring to any item which is
used for a specific purpose

• Humans have a choice

between using energy from
renewable or from
nonrenewable sources.
 RENEWABLE AND NON-RENEWABLE
RESOURCES
A renewable resource
can be replenished or
regenerated on a human
time scale.
A nonrenewable
resource cannot be
replenished or
Examples:
RR – geothermal, hydro, wind, solar, and biomass regenerated on a
NR – nuclear and fossil fuels
human time scale.
 RENEWABLE AND NON-RENEWABLE
RESOURCES
Humans have mostly There’s a need to lessen
relied on non-renewable the dependence on non-
source such as coal and renewable because of the
petroleum since the alarming global warming
industrial revolution. and climate change.
Resources are declining because
of increasing population and
energy-dependent lifestyles. We
must depend more on renewable
and sustainable energy sources.
 HUMAN ACTIVITIES AND
ELECTRICITY
Electricity is a form of energy which can be
generated from almost any energy source.

Earth’s resources are mainly harnessed and converted

into electricity for domestic and industrial consumption
FOSSIL FUELS
● World’s primary energy source
● Supports transportation, electricity
production, heating and cooling
buildings, and various industrial
activities
● Remains of prehistoric plants and
animals that died million years ago and
were buried under the right conditions
to form fossils
● Coal, oil or petroleum, and gas
● Non-renewable sources of energy
Coal is a black combustible
rock made up of elemental COAL
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen and varying
amount of sulfur.

● From the remains of plants that once grew in

swamps and adjacent forests million years ago

Most extensive coal deposits: Carboniferous period (290 to 360 Mya)

● Organisms were buried under oxygen-poor conditions
● Continuous burial and compaction transforms decaying vegetation into peat, a precursor of
coal containing 50% carbon.
● Peat is transformed into coal at burial depths of 4 to 10km
 CLASSIFICATION OF COAL
According to its carbon content which
increases along with the temperature
during formation; the greater the amount of
carbon, the most energy produced.

Lignite is a soft, Bituminous coal is Anthracite coal is a

dark brown, low- composed of 70% shiny, black, high-
rank coal
carbon which is a rank coal composed
composed of 70%
carbon. dull, mid-rank coal. of 95% carbon
 PETROLEUM AND
NATURAL GAS
Petroleum is a naturally-occurring liquid
composed of complex hydrocarbons, and
is found in geological formations
underneath Earth’s surface.
Natural gas is a hydrocarbon mostly
made up of methane.
Methane
● An organic compound that is made
up of hydrogen and carbon
● Lighter than air and is highly
flammable
 PETROLEUM
Word origin: “petra” – rock; “oleum” - oil

● Derived from large quantities of

microscopic aquatic organisms (algae and
planktons)
● The remains of these organisms remain
settled to the sea or lake bed Mya and buried
beneath fine sediments and anoxic conditions
● With increasing pressure and
temperature due to continuous burial, the
organic matter from those organisms
transforms into a waxy material known as
kerogen and eventually into hydrocarbons
through the process of catagenesis.
 PETROLEUM

Below the temperature range – kerogen is

not transformed into hydrocarbons

Oil Window - Forms within a specific

Beyond the temperature range – thermal
depth, pressure and temperature range
cracking (oil is converted into natural gas)
(50-150°C)
FOSSIL FUELS AND THE
CARBON CYCLE
 NUCLEAR ENERGY
Nuclear reactions occur when
atoms of one species of
chemical element are
transformed into atoms of
another species by nuclear
change.

Thorium-232
Uranium-238 (Monazite)

RADIOACTIVE ELEMENTS
Uranium-235
NUCLEAR FISSION
The splitting of heavy atoms into lighter atoms

● When atom is hit by a neutron, causing

it to release heat and fragments that form
new and lighter atoms and to eject
neutron from the nucleus.
● These neutrons strike other fissionable
atoms, creating a continuous chain
reaction
 NUCLEAR FUSION
Combination of two light atoms to form a heavier atom

● When atoms combine to form a heavier

atom causing it to release heat and fragments
that form new and heavier atoms and to eject
neutron from the nucleus.
● These neutrons strike other fissionable
atoms, creating a continuous chain reaction

Note: If the neutrons become out of control, an atomic explosion may occur
 PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED TO NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
1. The fuel rod should maintain a certain
temperature
● Could generate temperature high
enough to cause a meltdown or explosion
of radioactive materials
● Cooling system is a very important
component

2. The generation of radioactive

wastes Fukushima Daiichi
Nuclear Power
● Need to be stored in deep Plant Meltdown,
underground chambers for a very 2011

long period of time

BATAAN NUCLEAR Because of safety issues, technology use,
POWER PLANT presence of potential geologic hazards,
hazards near active faults and volcanoes,
and occurrence of nuclear plant accidents
such as the Three Mile island accident and
Chernobyl disaster, it never became
operational.

Morong, Bataan (1976) Chernobyl Disaster