Cell Nucleus

•Control center of the cell

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• Nuclear envelope
• Porous double membrane
• Separates nucleoplasm from
cytoplasm
• Nucleolus
• Dense collection of RNA and Nucleus
Nuclear
proteins envelope

• Site of ribosome production Nucleolus

• Chromatin
• Fibers of DNA and proteins Chromatin

• Stores information for synthesis of Nuclear

pores
proteins (a)
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 3.3: Movements Into
and Out of the Cell

Passive (Physical) Processes Active (Physiological) Processes

• Require no cellular • Require cellular energy and
energy and include: include:
• Simple diffusion • Active transport
• Facilitated diffusion • Endocytosis
• Osmosis • Exocytosis
• Filtration • Transcytosis

2
 Simple Diffusion
• Movement of substances from regions of higher concentration to
regions of lower concentration
• Oxygen, carbon dioxide and lipid-soluble substances
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Permeable Solute molecule

membrane Water molecule

A B A B A B

(1) (2) (3) 3

Time
Animation: How Diffusion Works

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4
 Facilitated Diffusion
• Diffusion across a membrane with the help of a channel or carrier
molecule Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

• Glucose and amino acids

Region of higher
concentration

Transported
substance

Region of lower
concentration
Protein carrier
molecule

Cell
membrane
5
Animation: How Facilitated Diffusion Works

Please note that due to differing

operating systems, some animations
will not appear until the presentation is
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in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views.
All animations will appear after viewing
in Presentation Mode and playing each
animation. Most animations will require
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which is available at
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