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Cell Nucleus

•Control center of the cell


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• Nuclear envelope
• Porous double membrane
• Separates nucleoplasm from
cytoplasm
• Nucleolus
• Dense collection of RNA and Nucleus
Nuclear
proteins envelope

• Site of ribosome production Nucleolus

• Chromatin
• Fibers of DNA and proteins Chromatin

• Stores information for synthesis of Nuclear


pores
proteins (a)
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3.3: Movements Into
and Out of the Cell

Passive (Physical) Processes Active (Physiological) Processes


• Require no cellular • Require cellular energy and
energy and include: include:
• Simple diffusion • Active transport
• Facilitated diffusion • Endocytosis
• Osmosis • Exocytosis
• Filtration • Transcytosis

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Simple Diffusion
• Movement of substances from regions of higher concentration to
regions of lower concentration
• Oxygen, carbon dioxide and lipid-soluble substances
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Permeable Solute molecule


membrane Water molecule

A B A B A B

(1) (2) (3) 3


Time
Animation: How Diffusion Works

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4
Facilitated Diffusion
• Diffusion across a membrane with the help of a channel or carrier
molecule Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

• Glucose and amino acids


Region of higher
concentration

Transported
substance

Region of lower
concentration
Protein carrier
molecule

Cell
membrane
5
Animation: How Facilitated Diffusion Works

Please note that due to differing


operating systems, some animations
will not appear until the presentation is
viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide
Show view). You may see blank slides
in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views.
All animations will appear after viewing
in Presentation Mode and playing each
animation. Most animations will require
the latest version of the Flash Player,
which is available at
http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.

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