GLOBAL

DEMOGRAPH
Y
BY: JEMIAH ANDREA M. CAMSON
 Demographic transition
-is a singular historical period
during which mortality and
fertility rates decline from high
to low levels in a particular
country or region the board
outlines of the transition are
similar in countries around the
world ,but the pace and timing
of transition have varied
considerably
 The transition started in mid-or late 1700s in Europe.During
that happened 200 years in france and 100 years in the United
States.In other parts of the world,the transition began later.It was
only in the twenthiet century that mortality decline in Africa and
Asia, with the exemption of japan.According to madisson (2001),life
expentacy in india was only 24 years in the early twenthieth century
while the same life expectancy occured in china in 1929 until 1931.
Fertility decline in Asia did not begin until the 1950s and so on. In
the case of Japan,it was until the 1930s that "total fertility rate did
not drop below five births per woman" (Shivgeyuki etal.,2002,p.
250).This resulted in the developing world was caused by the decline
of infant and child mortality rates.The West,on the other
hand,experienced baby boom that resulted from rising birth rates.
 A remarkable effect of the
demographic transition, as
Shigeyuki et al. (2002) stated, is
"the enormous gap in life
expectancy that emerged between
Japan and the West on the one
hand and the rest of the world on
the other" (p. 251). By 1820, the
life expectancy at birth of Japan
and the West was 12 years greater
than that of other countries. It
increased by 20 years by 1900.
Although there was an
improvement in life
expectancy all
throughout the world
in 1900-1950, the gap
had reached 22 years.
In 1999, the gap
declined to 14 years.
These differences in
time of transition
affected the global
population.
✘ During the nineteenth century,Europe and the West had an
increased in share in the world's population, for 22.0 percent to
33.0 percent, while Asia and Oceania's contribution dropped
from 9.0 percent to 56.7. India and China suffered from
economic stagnation aind decline during that time.
✘ There was a reverse in global population shares during the
twentieth century as Africa, Asia, Latin America, and Océania
had high levels of population growth rates. According to
Shigeyuki et al. (2002), population growth shows a more
remarkable shift: "Between 1820 and 1980, 69.3 percent of the
world’s population growth occurred in Europe and Western
offshoots. Between 1950 and 2000, however, only 11.7 percent
occurred in that region'" (P. 252).
 The United Nations projected that population
growth will be shifted toward Africa.
It is estimated that by 2150, the regions' share to the
world population will
be almost 20 percent, reiatnvey mucn greater than its
share in 1820 (seven percent )
and in 1900 (six percent). Also in 2150, there will be a
projected incresse of two billion if we combine the
populatons oT Asia, Latin America, and Oceania.
 The United Nations projected that
population growth will be shifted toward
Africa. It is estimated that by 2150, the
regions' share to the world population will
be almost 20 percent, reiatnvey mucn
greater than its share in 1820 (seven
percent )and in 1900 (six percent). Also in
2150, there will be a projected incresse of
two billion if we combine the populatons
oT Asia, Latin America, and Oceania.
The developing countries like India and
the Philippines had higher
dependency
ratios than the West in 1900. A great
increase in dependency ratio was
caused by the decline in infant and
child mortality and high levels of
fertility, with its peak around 1970.
A picture is worth a thousand words
Dependency ratios started
to disappear because there is a
decline in gobal birth rate.
Furthermore, the gap in fertility
between the west and the less
developed countries became
smaller by the twenty-first
century. Over the next 50 years,
the cases of dependency ratios
of these two areas in the world
will be reversed (Shigeyuki et
al., 2002). The aging of
populations will cause a rise in
dependency ratio, starting in
the West.
DEMOGRAPHIC OF THE WORLD.
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