INTRODUCTION

TO
MICROBIOLOGY
SCOPE OF LESSON
 Etymology & Definition
 Subdisciplines
 History & Discovery
IV. Cell Structure
CELL STRUCTURE
PROKARYO EUKARYOT ACELLULAR
TES ES
PROKARYOTES vs EUKARYOTES

PROKARYOT EUKARYOTE
Nucleus
ES S
Membrane-bound
Organelles

Ribosomes

Cell Division
EUKARYOTIC
STRUCTURE
________
 Composed of
__________
 ______ (in ____)
 ____ (in ____)
____________
 Composed of ________
 Semipermeable membrane
 Excretion of
____________
 Bears enzymes and carrier
___________
 _________
 Microtubules (_____,
_____, _____
 ______________
______
 Contains the _______
 ___________
 ______
CYTOPLASM
 ______
 Endoplasmic Reticulum
 ____
 ____
CYTOPLASM
 Golgi Apparatus
 ________
 _______
_________
 It contains enzymes to
______________ into nutrients

__________
 It contains enzymes for lipid
metabolism and neutralization of
______________
 CILIA FLAGELLA
Length

Appearance

Motion

Presence
PROKARYOTIC
STRUCTURE
CELL WALL
 Consists of ____________
 3 Parts
 Backbone

 Tetrapeptide Side Chain

 Peptide Cross-Bridges
PEPTIDOGLYCAN
LAYER
 ______ – enzyme
responsible for its GRAM GRAM
(+) (-)
degradation
 Means of
classifying
bacteria using
_________
GRAM
(+)
GRAM
(-)
SPECIAL TYPES OF
CELL WALL
 _____ cell wall
 Presence of
_______

 Cell wall of _____

 _________

 ________
____________
 Composed of ________
 Semipermeable membrane
 Protects the cell from
______ _____
GLYCOCALYX
 Polysaccharide-containing material
lying outside the cell
 _____
 _______
CAPSULE
 Present in both Gram (+) and Gram (-)
bacteria
 Composition: __________ &
________
 Bacillus anthracis:
 Antigens: ____________
 (3) Classic Encapsulated Pyogenic
Bacteria
SLIME LAYER
 Use: ADHERENCE to
structure:
______________________
____________ TYPES OF _______
 AKA ____ Carries instructions for ___
Used in __________
 Small Carries instructions for
structures and enzymes for
circular resistance
molecules of Carries instructions for
structures, enzymes, or
DNA toxins that enable a
bacterium to become
 May contain pathogenic

________ Plasmids that have been

engineered with the
 Transferred: addition of cos ends
Cloning vectors that can
____
 Use: ________ – transfer of genes
(plasmid)
 AKA: ___ pili or _______ pili
_______
 ____-like/___-like extensions
 Makes the bacteria look like a
____________
 Use: Attachment to ___ surfaces
FLAGELLA TYPES OF FLAGELLAR
ARRANGEMENT
 Contain Single flagellum at one
s side
Tuft of flagella at one
______ side

 Use: Covers the

surface of the cell
entire

______ Flagella at both ends

Flagella at both ends

that spiral tightly
around the cell

No flagella
____________
 Possessed by _______ for ____ motion

_________
 Present in ________; for ______

________
 Serve as storage areas for ______
____________
 Plays an important role in _______

_________
 The site of __________

________
 Pieces of DNA; move readily from one
site to another
 Process of producing an
_________ endospore by an active
 _____ bacterial cell
Process by which a bacterial
 Highly Resistant endospore returns to its
vegetative state
 Presence of _________
 Dye: __________
 Best Way to Eliminate: ______
 Spore-Forming: _____
_______
ACELLULAR
STRUCTURE
 ___
 ____
VIRUSES VIRAL STRUCTURE

 Miniscule, _____
Nucleic Acid is 1
______ type only : ____ or
____
infectious
agent _______
Protein shell or coat
______

_______
Lipid Coat

_________
PRIONS
 Not related to _____ or _____
 Mainly composed of
___________
 Not composed of ______, but can
trigger genetic mutations leading
to ____________
 Prion Diseases = _______
___________