Industrial Revolution

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Learning Targets  Discuss how scientific and
technological developments affect
society and the environment
 
 Identify the paradigm shifts in
history
For the first time in history, the living standards of
the masses of ordinary people have begun to
undergo sustained growth. ... Nothing remotely like
this economic behavior has happened before."

Robert E. Lucas, Jr.

 Road Map

Learning Targets Lecture - Check for

Quiz
Discussion Understanding
 The Industrial Revolution
 From the 18th to the 19th century
 Major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining,
transport, and technology had a profound effect on
the socioeconomic and cultural conditions.
 Took place in Britain, then spreading throughout
Europe, North America, and eventually the world.
 Marks a major turning point in human history in
almost every aspect of human life.
 Covers the complex technological innovations that
led to the substitution of machines and inanimate
power for human skills and animal forces.
 Causes of Industrial Revolution

Dependency on Impact of Protestant

technology education Reformation
Transportation
The growth of the Industrial Revolution
depended on the ability to transport raw
materials and finished goods over long
distances.
There were three main types of
transportation that increased during the
Industrial Revolution: waterways, roads,
and railroads.
Transportation was important because people
were starting to live in the West. During this
time period, transportation via water was the
cheapest way to move heavy products.
 Transportation
Stephenson’s “Rocket”

The Rocket was designed and built by

George Stephenson with the help of his son,
Robert, and Henry Booth. The Rocket
reached speeds of 24mph during the 20
laps of the course. The Rocket can be seen
at the Science Museum, in
London.
Transportation
Wright Brothers were successful in
flying the first plane. The plane flew
for 59
seconds, at 852 feet, an extraordinary
achievement.
 Transportation
Henry Ford

Henry Ford invented the assembly line at his

automobile company. The
assembly line reduced production time. More
cars were made available for a
lower cost, making the cars more common
Transportation
Factory owners needed a way to
efficiently and cheaply produce the
energy needed to power industry. James
Watt had the answer. A more cost-
effective engine was required to make its
use widespread.
Steam power was fuelled by coal,
utilization of water wheels and
powered machinery like steam boat
and steam ship.
Development of all-metal machine
tools in the first two decades of the
19th century facilitated the
manufacture of production.
Effects spread throughout Western
Europe and North America during
the 19th century, affecting most of
the world, a process that continues
as industrialization.
 Transportation
Stephenson’s Locomotive

The locomotive named “Butcher” that

dragged 30 tons of materials till four miles.
This successful presentation marked the first
steam locomotive journey made on railroad
that was specifically created for train use.
Transportation
Fulton’s steamboat .
was the first to
become a practical,
financial, and
commercially
successful steamboat.
Fulton’s steamboat
was names as
‘Clermont’.
Agriculture
 Began in the early 1700s
 Crop yields per acre were increased by new
knowledge about what techniques would allow
plants to grow and new agricultural techniques.
 Fertilizers, minerals, and soil content were all
factors that started to be taken into account.
 New tools, and processes were developed.
 New plows, rakes, and other implements began to
be used.
 Agriculture
Jethro Tull or Seed Drill

Jethro Tull invented a Seed Drill which could

be pulled behind a horse. A seed drill
sowed seeds that exactly positions the
seeds in the soil and then covers them. It
would sow seeds in uniform rows
repeatedly instead of the wasteful method
of scattering seeds by hand.
Agriculture Lord Townshend
discovered-or merely .
popularized, that if
crops were grown in
rotation, the land
could be kept in
production with no
loss of fertility.
Townshend's method
became known as the
Norfolk Crop Rotation
system.
 Agriculture
Robert Bakewell

Bakewell's great innovation included random

breeding called ‘in-an-in’, resulting in
many different breeds with their own
unique, but random, characteristics. This
breeding included both plants and animals.
Textile
 The textile industry significantly grew during the
Industrial Revolution.

 Advancement was made in use of machinery which

was cheaper then products made by hand (which
took a long time to create), therefore allowing the
cloth to be cheaper to the consumer.

 In 1813, Francis Cabot Lowell set up the first

American textile factory.
 Textile
Eli Whintey's Cotton Gin

Cotton gin made cotton processing less

labor-intensive, it helped planters earn
greater profits, prompting them to grow
larger crops, which in turn required
more people.
.
Textile James Hargreave’s
‘Spinning Jenny’, .
revolutionized the
process of cotton
spinning. The
machine used eight
spindles onto which
the thread was spun,
so by turning a single
wheel, the operator
could now spin eight
threads at once.
 Textile
Flying Shuttle

John Kay in 1733, formed the ‘Flying

Shuttle’. The flying shuttle also
allowed the thread to be woven at a
faster rate, thus enabling the process
of weaving to become faster.
.
Medicine
 There are many medical advances that occurred
during the Industrial Revolution.

 Some of these advancement included small pox

vaccination, discovery of anesthetic, discovery of X-
ray, invention of aspirin and blood transfusion.
 Louis Pasteur
Germ Theory
Louis Pasteur's main contributions to
microbiology and medicine were:
 Instituting changes in hospital/medical
practices to minimize the spread of
disease by microbes or germs.
 Discovering that weak forms of disease
could be used as an immunization
against stronger forms and that rabies
was transmitted by viruses too small to
be seen under the microscopes of the
time.
 Introducing the medical world to the
concept of viruses.
.
 Edward Jenner confronted
small pox. He performed an .
experiment by deliberately
infecting a young boy with
the dose of cow pox. His
experiment wouldn't be
approved by ethics
committees today, but
Jenner's discovery of
immunization has saved
more lives than perhaps
any other single discovery
in medical science.
 Communication
 Not only did the transport or medial sector evolve
during the period of Industrial revolution but also
improvements were made in communication.

 In 1700 it took four days to contact from London to Manchester,

but in 1880 it took four hours. By 1902, the whole British Empire
was linked together by a network of telegraph cables called the
'All Red Line'.

 New invention were introduced by Samuel F.B. and

Alexander Graham Bell.
Samuel F. B. Morse Samuel F.B. Morse’s
telegraph was patented in .
1837. This telegraph
cables reached from
London to Australia;
massages could be flashed
halfway around the globe in
a matter of minutes,
speeding commercial
transactions
 Alexander Graham Bell

The telephone and other innovations like

the microphone were
reportedly developed By Alexander Graham
Bell in part to assist
people with hearing loss.
.
 Impact of Industrial Revolution
 Industrial Revolution consisted of both positive and
negative aspects that impacted Great Britain, its
economy, and its people.
 Positively, inventions such as the steam engine,
pushed Britain and other nations towards
manufacturing and engineering prowess. Britain
was by far the wealthiest nation, as it began
producing more efficiently. This led to set new
standards to form an industrial economy.
 However with Industrial revolution, came many
negative impacts too.
 Positive Negative
 Infrastructure  Work conditions

 Modern inventions  Child labor

 Class structure  Rural - Urban

migration
 Erosion of gender
inequality  Increase in
Population
 Improvement in
Education system  Pollution
 Child Labor

In coal mines children had to crawl through

narrow underground passages as
low as 16 to 18 inhes in height.
.
 Industrial Revolution Today
 Even in today’s time we’re experiencing Industrial
Revolution. Whether its war machines, modern
medicine or infrastructure, the effect of Industrial
revolution can be greatly seen.

 Every technological advancement made is a sign of

Industrial revolution.
 The Social Media or Internet. The Internet is
bringing a revolution along with it.
Activity:

1.Choose one invention that we should be thankful for

during the Industrial Revolution. Why do you think
this is a great invention?
2.Choose one invention that we can do without (worst
invention). Why do you thinks this is not a great
invention?

1 page essay, double spaced, font Arial 12.

Thank you
for listening!