Intellectual

Revolutions
and Society
GROUP 3
• Laraño, Jethro
• Larida, Harly
• Nueva, Christian Dave
• Pauya, Rhon Zaiden
• Spolis, Justin
• Surriga, John Carlo
 Introduction:
Intellectual Revolutions pertains to the times
that changed the way people perceived scientific
beliefs that was accepted by people at the time. This
report discusses the three intellectual revolutions
that created the science we know of today. There
are three most important intellectual revolutions:
Copernican, Darwinian and Freudian.
Copernican
Revolution
 Copernican
Revolution
The Copernican Revolution was introduced during the 16th century
by Nicolaus Copernicus. At the time, it was a belief that the Earth
was the center of the Solar System based on the Ptolemy model. But
Copernicus had a different idea, he established the Heliocentric
model which states that the Earth rotates on its own axis and that the
Sun is in the middle of the Solar System. This idea was unsettling to
many and was met a lot of resistance and disagreements, especially
from the Church, due to the unthinkable idea that Man was not the
center of all creation. Due to this Copernicus faced persecution form
the church and was accused of heresy.
Copernican Nonetheless, despite problems
Revolution with the model, the model was
soon accepted by other scientists,
most profoundly by Galileo
Galilei. And as times passed by,
other astronomers at the
contributed and eventually
refined the Heliocentric model. It
was then perfected by Isaac
Newton a century later.
Darwinian Revolution
 The Darwinian Revolution was introduced by an English
naturalist, geologist and biologist named Charles Darwin. In his
discovery, he stated that all species of organism change, develop
or adapt traits that favored survival and reproduction, through a
process called natural selection
Darwinian Like any other intellectual
Revolution revolutions, Darwin’s theory of
revolution was met with
resistance and considered to be
controversial. Critics first
dismissed his idea because it
conflicts with society’s religious
beliefs about divine creation.
The Darwinian Revolution has
made a great impact on modern
science. Because of this theory
we are now able to understand
and rationalized nature’s laws,
system, and process of change.
 Freudian
Revolution
 Freudian
Freudian Revolution, an expression
Revolution
that refers to Sigmund Freud's theories
or methods, particularly his theories on
how people's unconscious thoughts and
feelings influence their behavior,
particularly in relation to the origins
and cures of neurotic and psychopathic
states, the interpretation of dreams, etc.
A 20th-century intellectual revolution
bearing his name, the Freudian
revolution, is attributed to Austrian
neurologist Sigmund Freud. The core
of this revolution is the school of
psychology known as psychoanalysis.
 Freudian
Freud created psychoanalysis, a tool for
Revolution
understanding one's inner and unconscious
conflicts that are ingrained in one's psyche
and result from the person's free thoughts,
desires, and imaginations. Since it stressed
the existence of the unconscious, where
sensations, thoughts, drives, emotions, and
memories are stored outside of one's
conscious mind, psychoanalysis
immediately sparked controversy. Many
academics have supported and disagreed
with psychoanalytic theories about libido,
ego, and psychosexual development.
According to Freud, people are naturally
drawn to seeking pleasure.
Freudian Revolution
The debate over whether Freud's
psychoanalysis was compatible with the field
of neuroscience and the study of the mind and
brain focused in particular on these ideas.
Particularly, the notion that all humans are
destined to exhibit Oedipus and Electra
complexes (i.e., sexual desire towards the
parent of the opposite sex and exclusion of the
parent of the same sex) did not seem to be
supported by empirical data. Similarly,
psychoanalysis seemed to detractors to be
more of an ideological viewpoint than a
scientific one. Nowadays, psychodynamic
therapies that treat a myriad of psychological
disorders still remain largely informed by
Freud's work on psychoanalysis.
END