PIPING STRESS

ANALYSIS
081287557724
Feryadi Buli
INTRODUCTION
• Objectives of Piping Stress Analysis:
 Structural Integrity
 Design adequacy for the pressure of the carrying fluid
 Failure against various loading in the life cycle. Limiting stresses below code allowable
 Operational Integrity
 Limiting nozzle loads of the connected equipment within allowable values.
 Avoiding leakage at joints.
 Limiting sagging & displacement within allowable values.
 Optimal Design
 Avoiding excessive flexibility and also high loads on supporting structures. Aim towards an
optimal design for both piping and structure
INTRODUCTION
 Tools
 CEASAR - Commercial Piping analysis
 Inputs software
 Geometric layout of Pipe
 Pipe supporting configuration  Outputs
 Pipe Diameter and Thickness  Stress of the pipe at various loading conditions

 Pressure inside Pipe  Load at various supports and restrains.

 Movement of pipe at support locations
 Cold and Hot temperatures of Pipe
 Pipe terminal point loading.
 Weight of Pipe and insulation
 Weight of carrying Fluid
 Pipe material Property (Young’s
Modulus, Thermal Expansion
Coefficient)  Codes and Standards
 In general Process Piping – ASME B31.3
INTRODUCTION
Develop Critical Review Stress NO Revise Piping
Acceptable
Lines List Isometric Layout & Isometric

-Depend on Client Specification -Computer Analysis -Modify pipe support type and location
-Approximate Method

YES

Review and
Review and Comment Review 3D Model
Approve Stress
on Conceptual Studies and Support Scheme
Isometric

-Stress are within allowable

-Nozle load are within allowable
-Anchor and guide support location are already fixed
Piping Flexibility
• Piping systems in plant need to Temperature

accommodate their own expansion as well Not Flexible

as the expansion of connected equipment
so as to avoid:
i. Failure due to overstress.
Flexible
ii. Leakage of Flange Joints.
iii. Distortion of connected Equipment

More Flexible
Stress Sources
• Sources for generation of stress in a Piping System:
1. Weight
2. Internal/External Pressure
3. Temperature change
4. Occasional Loads due to wind, seismic disturbances, PSV
discharge etc.
5. Forces due to Vibration.
Piping Code
 Code is a set of procedures and specifications covering the minimum
requirements for material, design, fabrication, erection, inspection, and
testing.
 ASME B31.1 : POWER PIPING
 ASME B31.3 : PROCESS PIPING
 ASME B31.4 : Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid
Hydrocarbons and Other Liquids
 ASME B31.8 : Gas Transmission & Distribution
Piping Systems
ASME B31.3
• ASME B31.3 is the generally accepted standard for Process Piping.
• The following are typical examples of the types of facilities that ASME B31.3
is intended to cover:
1. Chemical Plants
2. Petroleum Refineries
3. Textile Paper Plants
4. Cryogenic Plants
STRESS OF PIPING COMPONENT
ASME B31.3
1. Longitudinal Stresses, SL . (Sus)
The sum of the longitudinal stresses, SL , in any component in a piping system due to sustained
loads such as pressure and weight, shall not exceed the product Sh (Table A-1).

2. Allowable Displacement Stress Range, SA . (Exp)

The computed displacement stress range SE (319.4.4) in a piping system
shall not exceed the allowable displacement stress range, SA.

3. Limits of Calculated Stresses due to Occasional Loads (Occ)

The sum of the longitudinal stresses SL , due to sustained loads, such as pressure and weight, and
of the stresses produced by occasional loads, such as wind or earthquake, may be as much as 1.33
times the basic allowable stress.
STRESS OF PIPING COMPONENT
ASME B31.3
• Sustain Stress
1. Susatined stresses are primary stresses caused by sustained loads. (e.g.
pressure or weight). These loads are present continuously throughout plant
life.
2. As per ASME B 31.3, (clause 302.3.5) “ The sum of the longitudinal
stresses, SL, in any component in a piping system, due to sustained loads
such as pressure and weight, shall not exceed the product Sh”.
Where,
Sh=Basic allowable stress at maximum metal temperature expected during
STRESS OF PIPING COMPONENT
ASME B31.3
• Displacement Stress Range
1. The displacement stress range SE is the calculated range of (secondary)
stress a piping system will experience when subjected to thermal
expansion or contraction.
2. The B31.3 equation for the displacement stress range, SE (319.4.4) is :
Where,
Sb= Resultant bending stress
St= Torsional stress
3. The computed displacement stress range SE in piping system shall not
exceed the allowable displacement stress range SA .
STRESS OF PIPING COMPONENT
ASME B31.3
• Displacement Stress Range
1. As per ASME code B31.3 (clause 302.3.5) the allowable displacement stress
range (SA) can be given by the equation :

Where,
Sc= basic allowable stress at minimum metal temp
Sh= basic allowable stress at maximum metal temp
SL= Longitudinal stress due to sustained loads.
STRESS OF PIPING COMPONENT
ASME B31.3
• Occasional Stress
1. Occasional Stresses are generated by the occasional loads such as Wind,
seismic, PSV discharge etc.
2. As per ASME B31.3 clause 302.3.6 “The sum of the longitudinal stresses,
SL, due to sustained loads, such as pressure and weight, and of the stresses
produced by occasional loads, such as wind or earthquake should be ≤ 1.33
times the basic allowable stress, Sh”
Allowable Stress ASME B31.3
• The code sets the allowance stress for design:
1. The nominal pressure stress (hoop stress) shall not exceed the yield strength of the
material at temperature
2. Longitudinal stress SL the sum of longitudinal stresses in any component in a piping
system due to sustained loads suach as pressure and weight shall not exceed S h.
3. The sum of the longitudinal stresses due to pressure, weight and other sustained loadings
plus stresses produced by occasional loads may be as high 1,33 times hot allowable stress
Sh for hot operating system.
4. The computed displacement stress range SE in piping system shall not exceed the
allowable displacement stress range SA .
Flexibility Analysis
• A two step analysis is shown:
1. Weight and Pressure Loads - verify proper support and
check reactions
2. Thermal Expansion Load - verify adequate flexibility and
check reactions
Reducing Piping Stress
• A two step for reduce the stress:
1. Supports for Weight
2. Flexibility for thermal loading Eg. Expansion Loops.
Stress Analysis Requirement
• Formal analysis of adequate flexibility is required for a
piping system which:
Stress Analysis Requirement
ASME B31.3
Piping System
Piping System
Piping System
Piping System
Piping System
Piping System
Piping System
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Piping System
Load Case on Caesar II
• The kind of oad case:
1. Dead weight : W
2. Hydrotest : WW (water no fluid content)
3. Temperatur 1 : T1, and T2, T3
4. Pressure 1 : P1 and P2, P3
Load Case on Caesar II
Modelling Technique Vertical Vessel in
Caesar II
Modelling Technique Vertical Vessel in
Caesar II
Modelling Technique Vertical Vessel in
Caesar II
Modelling Technique Vertical Vessel in
Caesar II
Modelling Technique Vertical Vessel in
Caesar II
Modelling Technique Vertical Vessel in
Caesar II
Modelling Technique Horizontal Vessel in
Caesar II
Modelling Technique Horizontal Vessel in
Caesar II
Modelling Technique Horizontal Vessel in
Caesar II
Modelling Technique Horizontal Vessel in
Caesar II
Modelling Technique Horizontal Vessel in
Caesar II
Modelling Technique Horizontal Vessel in
Caesar II
Modelling Technique Horizontal Vessel in
Caesar II
Modelling Technique Horizontal Vessel in
Caesar II
Modelling Technique Horizontal Vessel in
Caesar II
Flange Leakage in Caesar II
Flange Leakage in Caesar II
Flange Leakage in Caesar II
Flange Leakage in Caesar II
Underground Modelling
Underground Modelling
Underground Modelling
Underground Modelling
Underground Modelling
Underground Modelling
Typical Restraint Symbols Used in Stress
ISO
Typical Restraint Symbols Used in Stress
ISO
TRUNNION MODELLING
TRUNNION MODELLING
TRUNNION MODELLING
TRUNNION MODELLING
CODE APPLICATION IN CAESAR SOFTWARE
 Application ASME B31.3 in Caesar:
 Input

Sy SC

SH
CODE APPLICATION IN CAESAR SOFTWARE
CODE APPLICATION IN CAESAR SOFTWARE
 Allowable

ST Hydrotest:

Sy

SL Sustained:

Sh
CODE APPLICATION IN CAESAR SOFTWARE

Occasional:
+

Expansion:
greater than
+) - }