REPORT ON

PORTAL FRAME
GROUP-3

SUBMITTED BY:

APOORVA
ARYAN SONI
RADHIKA
KUMARI MADHU
HARSHITA
SURAJ
B.ARCH 5th yr
 INTRODUCTION
Project analysis slide 2
 Portal frames are designed to carry lightweight roof coverings. They often constructed of steel,
aluminium, concrete, timber or composite material.

 They are commonly used for single or multi-span buildings with flat, pitched, arch north light
and monitor roofs.

 Three basic forms of portal frames are Rigid portal frame; Two-pin portal frames and Three-pin
portal frames.
 TYPES
Project analysis slide 2
 The portal frame structure has various forms: single-span, double-span, high-low-span, and multi-
span, a single ridge, multiple ridge, or single slope, double slope, multiple slopes, flat slope, etc.
Single-span rigid frames are mostly used in buildings with low lateral space requirements.
 ADVANTAGES OF PORTAL
Project analysis
 There are slide
to using 2
FRAMES
many advantages portal frames when building wide-span enclosures. Large
spaces can be built and enclosed with the minimum amount of materials, a huge advantage for
builders because it helps them minimize costs.

Advantages include:

•Quick and easy to build

•Cost-effective
•Can be used for multiple purposes
•Low maintenance
•Aesthetically pleasing
Portal frames are lightweight and can easily be fabricated off-site. While they are a simple
structure, buckling can be a problem if care isn’t taken in the design phase.

o DISADVANTAGES OF PORTAL
FRAMES
• Although steel is incombustible it has a poor resistance to fire as it bends easily when
hot.
• Subject to corrosion
 Industrial estate building size:

Length = 72 m (frame centers)

Width = 25 m (column centers)
Height = 7.5 m (floor to centerline at knee)

Frame :

Steel portal = single span across 25 m width

Spacing =9m
Pitch = 3”
 TYPES OF PORTAL FRAMES
Frame types described below give an overview of types of portal construction with typical
features illustrated.

Pitched roof symmetric portal frame Portal frame with internal mezzanine floor

Crane portal frame with column brackets Tied portal frame

Mono-pitch portal frame Propped portal frame Mansard portal frame

Curved rafter portal frame Cellular beam portal frame

 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS OF A PORTAL FRAME

A typical frame is characterised by:

 A span between 15 and 50 m

 
 An clear height (from the top of the floor to the underside of the haunch) between 5 and 12 m

 A roof pitch between 5° and 10° (6° is commonly adopted)

 A frame spacing between 6 and 8 m

 Haunches in the rafters at the eaves and apex

 A stiffness ratio between the column and rafter section of approximately 1.5m
 LOADS ACTING ON PORTAL FRAME

Permanent actions:
Permanent actions are the self weight of the structure, secondary steelwork and cladding.
Service loads:
Service loads will vary greatly depending on the use of the building. In portal frames heavy point loads
may occur from suspended walkways, air handling units etc. It is necessary to consider carefully where
additional provision is needed, as particular items of plant must be treated individually.
Ex- walkways, air handling units etc. 
Imposed roof loads:
This load depends on the roof slope and material used for construction of roof.
Snow loads:
Snow loads may sometimes be the dominant gravity loading. 
Wind load:
Wind actions are inherently complex and likely to influence the final design of most buildings.
Crane loads:
The most common form of craneage is the overhead type running on beams supported by the columns.
The beams are carried on cantilever brackets or, in heavier cases, by providing dual columns. 
STEEL SECTION GRADE -

• STEEL SECTION GRADE USED IN PORTAL FRAME STRUCTURES ARE NORMALLY SPECIFIED IN
GRADE S275 OR S355 STEEL .
• S – DENOTES THE FACT THAT IT IS STRUCTURAL STEEL . S275 IS A LOW CARBON STEEL. BUT
EASILY MACHINED , WELDED , AND FORMED , MAKING IT EXTREMELY USEFUL AS A GENERAL-
PURPOSE STEEL.
• S355 IS OFTEN USED IN THE MOST DEMANDING ENVIRONMENTS SUCH AS INDUSTRIES.
• UES OF S355 GRADE RARELY ECONOMIC IN STRUCTURE WHERE SERVICEBILITY CRITERIA
CONTROL THE DESIGN .
ROOFING MATERIALS -

• STEEL ROOF SHEETING (SINGLE SKIN )

• ALUMINIUM ROOF SHEETING (SINGLE SKIN)

• INSULATION (BOARDS PER 25MM THICKNESS)

• INSULATION (GLASS FIBRE PER 100MM THICKNESS)

• LINER TRAYS (0.4 - 0.7 MM)

• COMPOSITE PANELS (40 – 70MM)

• TILES (CLAY OR PLAIN CONCRETE )

• TIMBER BATTENS INCLUDING TIMBER RAFTERS

• SLATES
Market rate

• LINER TRAYS (110 -250 )/sq ft

• COMPOSITE PANELS (160-250)/sq ft
• TILES (CLAY OR PLAIN CONCRETE) ( 5-10 ) /p
• TIMBER BATTENS INCLUDING TIMBER RAFTERS ( 50-110) /sq ft
• STEEL ROOF SHEETING (SINGLE SKIN ) (180-375) /sq m
• ALUMINIUM ROOF SHEETING (SINGLE SKIN) (50-100)/Sq ft
• INSULATION (BOARDS PER 25MM THICKNESS) ( 20-50)/sq ft
• INSULATION (GLASS FIBRE PER 100MM THICKNESS) (30-55)/sq ft

reference :- https://www.indiamart.com/
 PORTAL FRAME CONFIGURATION
Bay — The space between successive bends is called a bay.
Bracing — Single or double diagonal members which form truss system with columns or
beams (trusses) to provide stability and resist horizontal load.
Columns — These are members, generally vertical, which primarily resist axial load. They
are more often subjected to thrust and moment. Usually rolled single sections are used but
laced and battened columns are also used where two or more rolled sections are connected
together by lacing or batten plates.
Column Height — It is the height of column from the top of column pedestal (or bottom of
column base plate) to the eaves level of the pitched portal.
Crane Girders — These resist vertical and horizontal loads from cranes. They usually
consist of an I-beam with a channel (flanges down) welded to the top flange.
Girts — Beam members carrying side sheeting and supported by columns.
Purlins — Beam members carrying roof sheeting and supported by trusses or beams.
Roof Slope — It is the slope of the roofing sheet with respect to the span length. It is obtained
by dividing the height of portal frame by half the span.
Spacing between Portals — The centre line distance of two portal frames in the longitudinal
 SPECIFICATIONS
• Span of Portal Frame: 9- 36 mtr.
• Avg height 4.5-9 mtr.
• Max height for overhead cranes- 12 mtr
• Longitudinal distance b/w column grid: 6-9 mtr.
• Length of overhang: 0.5-1.2 mtr.
• Minimum thickness of structural steel sections has been provided as
6.0 mm assuming they are fully accessible for cleaning and
repainting.
RAFTER FLANGE BRACING
CHANNEL PURLIN
Thank You