(AOD-I) Tangent & Normal

Lecture - 4

Sunil Kumar Gupta (SKG)

Maths Faculty
 Derivative as a Rate Measure

(i) Cylinder

Surface Area = 2πr2 + 2πrh

Volume = πr2h

(ii) Cone

Surface Area = πr2 + πrs

Volume = 1⁄3( πr2h )
 Derivative as a Rate Measure

(iii) Cube

Surface Area of a Cube = 6a2

Volume of a Cube = a3

(iv) Sphere

Surface area = 4πr2

Volume = 4⁄3πr3
Q. A balloon which always remains spherical, is being inflated by pumping in 900
cubic centimeters of gas per second. The rate at which the radius of the balloon
is increasing when the radius is 15 cm is -
Q. The surface area of a spherical bubble is increasing at the rate of 2
cm2/s. When the radius of the bubble is 6 cm, then the rate by which
the volume of the bubble increasing is-
(A) 6 cm3/sec (B) 9 cm3/sec
(C) 3 cm3/sec (D) 12 cm3/sec28
Q. On the curve x3 = 12y the abscissa changes at a faster rate than the
ordinate. Then x belongs to the interval -
(A) (– 2, 2) (B) (–1, 1) (C) (0, 2) (D) none
Q. The volume of metal in a hollow sphere is constant. If the inner radius is
increasing at the rate of 1 cm/sec, then the rate of increase of the outer
radius when the radii are 4 cm and 8 cm respectively is -
(A) 0.75 cm/sec (B) 0.25 cm/sec
(C) 1 cm/sec (D) 0.50 cm/sec
Q. A spherical iron ball 10 cm in radius is coated with a layer of ice of
uniform thickness that melts at a rate of 50 cm3/min. When the thickness
of ice is 5 cm, then the rate of which the thickness of ice decreases, is -
(A) cm/min. (B) cm/min. Ans. [B]

(C) cm/min. (D) cm/min.

Q. A ladder 5 m long is leaning against a wall. The bottom of the ladder is
pulled along the ground away from the wall, at the rate of 2 m/sec. How
fast its height on the wall decreasing when the foot of the ladder is 4 m
away from the wall
Q. An inverted cone has a depth of 10 cm and a base of radius 5 cm. Water
is poured into it at the rate of 3/2 c.c. per minute. The rate at which the
level of water in the cone is rising when the depth is 4 cm is -
Q. Sand is pouring from a pipe at the rate of 12 cm3/sec. The falling sand
forms a cone on the ground in such a way that the height of the cone is
always one-sixth of the radius of the base. How fast is the height of the
sand-cone increasing when the height is 4 cm
Q. A water tank has the shape of an inverted right circular cone, whose semi-
vertical angle is tan–1 . Water is poured into it at a constant rate of 5 cubic
meter per minute. Then the rate (in m/min.), at which the level of water is
rising at the instant when the depth of water in the tank is 10 m; is :
(A) 1/5 p (B) 1/10 p (C) 1/15 p (D) 2/p
Q. The total cost C(x)​ and the total revenue R(x)​ associated with
production and sale of x units of an item are given by 
C(x) = 0.1x2 + 30x + 1000 and R(x) = 0.2x2 + 36x − 100 .
Find the marginal cost and the marginal revenue when x=20 
 Approximation and Errors

Approximation using differentials

Let the function y = f(x)

(i) The approximate value is find by using f(x+ Dx) ≈ f(x) + Dx f’(x)

(ii) And the change in value of y corresponding small change Dx in x

denoted by Dy ,then
Dy = f(x+ Dx) – f(x)
Dy = f(x) + Dx f’(x) – f(x)
Dy = Dx f’(x)
Q. Evaluate using Differentials :
(i) (ii) (iii) 1/3
Q. If y = x3 – 4x and x changes from 2 to 1.99 , then find approximate change in
the value of y .
Q. If the radius of a circle increases from 5cm to 5.1cm, then find the increase in
area
Q. Find the approximate change in the volume V of a cube of side x caused by
increasing the side by 1%
 Approximation and Errors

Error

(i) Relative error =

(ii) Absolute error (Approximate error) =
(iii) Percentage error = X 100
Q. If the radius of a sphere is measured as 9m with an error of 0.03m , then find
approximate error in calculating its surface area.