REDOX EQUILIBRIUM

CHEMISTRY FORM 5 KSSM

9.0 REDOX EQUILIBRIUM
9.1 OXIDATION AND REDUCTION

9.2 STANDARD ELECTRODE POTENTIAL

9.3 VOLTAIC CELL

9.4 ELECTROLYTIC CELL

9.5 EXTRACTION METAL FROM ITS ORE

9.6 RUSTING
9.1 OXIDATION AND REDUCTION
PREPARED BY: NURULKAMILAH BINTI KHAIRIR
SELF CHECKLIST

Learning Standard

Pupils are able to:

1.1.1 Describe redox reactions through activities

1.1.2 Explain redox reaction based on the change

in oxidation number through activities

1.1.3 Investigate displacement reaction as a redox

reaction through activities
What is meant by a redox reaction?

A redox reaction is a chemical reaction

where oxidation and reduction occur
simultaneously
Redox in Terms of Gain and Loss
of Oxygen
ACTIVITY 1A
Page 5 Chemistry Form 5 KSSM Text Book
 C+ 2CuO  CO2 + 2Cu

Carbon, C Carbon, C gains oxygen

Copper(II) oxide, CuO Copper(II) oxide, CuO loses oxygen

Copper(II) oxide, CuO Copper(II) oxide, CuO oxidises carbon, C

Carbon, C Carbon, C reduces copper(II) oxide, CuO

Redox in Terms of Gain and Loss
of Hydrogen
ACTIVITY 1B
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2NH3 + 3CuO  N2 + 3Cu + 3H2O

Ammonia, NH3 Ammonia, NH3 loses hydrogen

Copper(II) oxide, CuO Copper(II) oxide, CuO loses oxygen
Copper(II) oxide, CuO Copper(II) oxide, CuO undergoes reduction

Ammonia, NH3 Ammonia, NH3 undergoes oxidation

Redox in Terms of Electron
Transfer
2Mg + O2  2MgO
LABORATORY ACTIVITY 1A
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Redox in Terms of Change in
Oxidation number
ACTIVITY 1C
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Determination of Oxidation
Number
ACTIVITY 1D
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The Oxidation Number and Naming
of Compounds According to the
IUPAC Nomenclature
ACTIVITY 1E
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Exercise A

Manganese(IV) oxide
Iron(II) nitrate
Nickel(II) sulphate
Potassium iodate(V)
Phosphorus(V) oxide
Nitrogen(IV) oxide
Manganese(II) chloride
Dichromium(III) oxide
Copper(II) sulphate
Copper(II) carbonate
Silver chloride
Sodium phosphate(V)
Exercise B

BaSO4
Ag2Cr2O7
CuSO4
Fe(OH)3
NaNO3
PbSO4
PbCl2
Fe2O3
LABORATORY ACTIVITY 1B
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Result
Discussion
Displacement Reaction of Metal
from Its Salt Solution
 Electropositivity
and electrochemical series
Electropositivity is the tendency of atoms
to release electrons to form cation

Electrochemical series is a series of metal

arrangements according to the standard
electrode potential, E0 in the order of most
negative to most positive
REACTIVITY OF METALS
•When magnesium is placed in copper sulfate solution a redox reaction occurs, causing cop-
per metal to form on the magnesium and the deep blue colour of the solution pales.
•The equation is:
Mg (s) + CuSO4 (aq) → Cu (s) + MgSO4 (aq)
•If you place a copper strip in a solution of magnesium sulfate, no reaction occurs.
•Therefore, it is possible to conclude that magnesium is more reactive than copper.
•Experience tells us that different metals have varying abilities to react with other substances.
•For example, potassium is so reactive that it is found naturally as a compound rather than a
pure metal.
•Gold, on the other hand, is very unreactive. It occurs in nature as a pure element.
Potassium and gold are at the opposite of the reactivity series of metals (also called the activ-
ity series).
•Example: Reaction between magnesium metal and copper sulfate solution.
•Balanced Equation:
Mg (s) + CuSO4 (aq) → Cu (s) + MgSO4 (aq)

•Ionic Equation: (SO4 2- spectator ions)

Mg (s) + Cu 2+ (aq) → Cu (s) + Mg 2+ (aq)
Displacement of Metal Reaction
LABORATORY ACTIVITY 1C
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Procedure:
Result:
Displacement Reaction of Halogen from Its
Halide Solution
Mind Challenge
LABORATORY ACTIVITY 1D
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Colour of halogen in water and
1,1,1-trichloroethane, CH3CCl3
Conc. aqueous Dilute aqueous
Halogen
solution solution
Chlorine Greenish-yellow Colourless
Bromine Brown Yellow
Iodine Brown Yellow

1,1,1-trichloroethane,
Halogen CH3CCl3
Chlorine Colourless
Bromine Brown
Iodine Purple
Halogen Potassium chloride Potassium bromide Potassium iodide
Chlorine Aq layer: Yellow/Brown Aq layer: Yellow/Brown
CH3CCl3 layer: Brown CH3CCl3 layer: Purple
BROMINE FORMED IODINE FORMED
Bromine Aq layer: Yellow/Brown Aq layer: Yellow/Brown
CH3CCl3 layer: Brown CH3CCl3 layer: Purple
NO REACTION IODINE FORMED
Iodine Aq layer: Yellow/Brown Aq layer: Yellow/Brown
CH3CCl3 layer: Purple CH3CCl3 layer: Purple
NO REACTION NO REACTION

Halogen Potassium chloride Potassium bromide Potassium iodide

Chlorine 2KBr + Cl2  2KCl + Br2 2KI + Cl2  2KI + Cl2
Bromine 2KCl + Br2  No change 2KI + Br2  2KI + Br2
Iodine 2KCl + I2  No change 2KBr + I2  No change
Yellow / Brown Brown
Yellow / Brown Purple
Yellow / Brown Brown
Yellow / Brown Purple
Yellow / Brown Purple
Yellow / Brown Purple
SELF ASSESS 1.1
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Self Assess 1.1
 Thank you
Prepared by: Puan Nurulkamilah binti Khairir