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  • Brain Stem 2

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    samar yousif mohamed
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    The pons is located superior to the medulla oblongata and inferior to the midbrain. It contains numerous ascending and descending pathways connecting the cerebrum and cerebellum. The pons also includes important centers for sleep, respiration, and heat regulation. It relays information between the cerebrum and cerebellum. The pons, midbrain, and medulla oblongata make up the brainstem, which controls vital functions like breathing and heart rate. Lesions in different parts of the brainstem can impact cranial nerves and cause issues like difficulty breathing or paralysis.

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    The pons is located superior to the medulla oblongata and inferior to the midbrain. It contains numerous ascending and descending pathways connecting the cerebrum and cerebellum. The pons also includes important centers for sleep, respiration, and heat regulation. It relays information between the cerebrum and cerebellum. The pons, midbrain, and medulla oblongata make up the brainstem, which controls vital functions like breathing and heart rate. Lesions in different parts of the brainstem can impact cranial nerves and cause issues like difficulty breathing or paralysis.

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    3 views25 pages

    Brain Stem 2

    Uploaded by

    samar yousif mohamed
    The pons is located superior to the medulla oblongata and inferior to the midbrain. It contains numerous ascending and descending pathways connecting the cerebrum and cerebellum. The pons also includes important centers for sleep, respiration, and heat regulation. It relays information between the cerebrum and cerebellum. The pons, midbrain, and medulla oblongata make up the brainstem, which controls vital functions like breathing and heart rate. Lesions in different parts of the brainstem can impact cranial nerves and cause issues like difficulty breathing or paralysis.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 25

     Bridge

    09/29/2022 1
    Pons
    Superior to Medulla
    oblongata.
    Contains more ascending
    and descending pathways.
    Relays information from
    cerebrum to cerebellum.
    Also includes sleep and
    respiratory centers and heat
    regulation.
    09/29/2022 3
    ANTERIOR
    1-Basilar sulcus of pons 2 Motor
    (minor) root of trigeminal nerve 3.
    Sensory (major) root of trigeminal
    nerve 4. Abducens nerve 5. Middle
    cerebellar peduncle 6. Vestibul-
    ocochlear nerve 7. Facial nerve
    POSTERIOR
    1.Median sulcus of rhomboid fossa 2.
    Middle cerebellar peduncle 3.
    Facial colliculus 4. Vestibular
    area 5. Striae medullares of 4th
    ventricle
    09/29/2022 4
    09/29/2022 5
    09/29/2022 6
    09/29/2022 7
    CROSS SECTION OF THE PONS:Showes3 areas:-
    1-BASAL:-Common all through consist of
    cortico-spinal,cortico-nuclear&cortico-
    pontine cerebellar(middle cerebellar
    peduncle)
    2-TRAPIZOID; IT IS THE AUDITORY
    PATHWAY(from the cochlea to the
    cochlear n some relay others cross the
    crossing are trapezoid)
    3-TEGMENTUM:This differ between
    caudal&cranial consist of tracts &nuclei of
    the cranial nerves
    09/29/2022 8
    09/29/2022 9
    09/29/2022 10
    MIDBRAIN

    09/29/2022 11
    09/29/2022 14
    3 AREAS separated by;1-SUBSANTIA NIGRA
    2-CERBRAL AQUEDUCT
    1-CRUS CEREBRI:descending tracts(common)
    SUBSANTIA NIGRA
    2- TEGMENTUM: Differ contain tracts& nuclei
    CERBRAL AQUEDUCT
    3-TECTUM: 4 Colliculi 2 superior 2inerior
    *SUBSANTIA NIGRA:common is a large motor
    nucleus concerned with muscle tone related to
    the basal ganglia

    09/29/2022 15
    09/29/2022 16
    09/29/2022 17
    09/29/2022 18
    09/29/2022 19
    09/29/2022 20
    BLOOD SUPPLY
    Medulla
    A-Med.-2 vertebral Art.(Ant.S.A+Baslar)
    B-Post.Inf.Cerbellar.A

    PONS: basillar+anterior inferior


    cerebellar
    +superior cerebellar arteries
    MIDBRAIN:Superior cerebellar+posterior
    cerebral
    09/29/2022 21
    Reticular formation
    2 types of nuclei:
    Cranial nerves III-XII
    and
    Reticular Formation nuclei which
    are scattered throughout
    brainstem
    Many pathways from RF project
    directly to cerebrum to modulate
    activity
    Habituation (repetitive stimuli)
    Reticular Activating System
    Reticular Activating
    System

     Receives multiple
    sensory inputs

     Mediates wakefulness
    LESIONS
    MEDULLA;Death due to vital centers of
    respiration&cardiovascular regulation
    +cranial nerves lesions
    Vascular syndrome
    PONS; Regulation of the heat pontine
    hemorrhage leads to pyrexia+cranial
    nerves lesions

    MIDBRAIN;Loss of visual &auditary


    reflexes - Hydrocephalus
    +Parkinsonism+cranial nerves lesions
    09/29/2022 25

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