CANADA

Khrystyna Baryliak
OFFICIAL NAME: Canada
FORM OF GOVERNMENT: Federal
parliamentary state
CAPITAL: Ottawa
POPULATION: 35,881,659
OFFICIAL LANGUAGES: English, French
MONEY: Canadian dollar
AREA: 3,849,674 square miles (9,970,610
square kilometers)
MAJOR MOUNTAIN RANGES: Rockies,
Coast, Laurentian
MAJOR RIVERS: St. Lawrence, Mackenzie
BIG CITIES

• Toronto - 6.255 milion.

• Montréal - 4.247 million.
• Vancouver - 2.606 million.
• Calgary - 1.581 million.
• Edmonton - 1.491 million.
INDIGENOUS PEOPLES
DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENGLISH
LANGUAGE IN CANADA
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CANADIAN-
ENGLISH AND BBC - ENGLISH
GOLD FEVER
Klondike gold rush, Canadian gold rush of the late 1890s. Gold was discovered on Aug.
17, 1896, near the confluence of the Klondike and Yukon rivers
in western Yukon territory. By 1897 up to 30,000 prospectors had arrived in the newly
created towns of Skagway and Dyea, jumping-off points to the Canadian goldfields
several hundred miles away. Many of the seekers died from malnutrition, hypothermia, or
avalanches along the route. The Klondike gold rush was short-lived and had essentially
ended by 1899, and soon prospectors began moving on to Alaska. The Klondike Gold
Rush National Historical Park in Skagway commemorates the gold rush.
EUROPEAN COLONIZATION
• When the European powers set their sights on North America, some three hundred
years after the so-called discovery of the continent (which for them was the “New
World”), it became a location for French and British settlements. The process of
assuming control of someone else’s territory and applying one’s own systems of law,
government, and religion is called colonization. Indeed, prior to the 1800s, settling the
land was not the first priority. The Europeans exchanged goods for furs and meat;
they also went on fishing and whaling expeditions before returning to Europe with fish
and oil. With the exception of trading posts, primarily along the St. Lawrence River
and the coastline, the colonial powers did not attempt to settle the country on a large
scale. Between the scattered European settlements, indigenous nations reigned.
GOVERNMENT SYSTEM

• Canada is a federal state, parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy.​

• A federal state brings together a number of different political communities with a
central government (federal) for national matters and separate local
governments (provincial/territorial) for local affairs.​
• As a parliamentary democracy, we elect members to our parliament and legislatures
across the country.​
• As a constitutional monarchy, Canada’s head of state is a hereditary sovereign
(queen or king), who reigns in accordance with the Constitution.​
EDUCATION AND RELIGION.

Pre-Elementary Education in Canada

Pre-elementary programs in Canada—educational programs offered to young children (4-5 years) prior to that student beginning
elementary school at age six—are offered by public, private, and federal schools within the country, as well as schools for the visually
and hearing impaired.
Primary (Elementary) Education in Canada
Primary education in Canada is compulsory for all children, usually beginning at age 6 or 7 with Grade One.   Students receive six
years of primary education—Grade 1 through Grade 6—typically broken down in the following manner:
• Grade 1 (ages 6–7)
• Grade 2 (ages 7–8)
• Grade 3 (ages 8–9)
• Grade 4 (ages 9–10)
• Grade 5 (ages 10–11)
• Grade 6 (ages 11–12)
Secondary Education in Canada
Secondary education in Canada consists of two distinct levels:  intermediate or junior high school; and high school.
Intermediate education
Once students have successfully completed the final year of elementary or primary education, or Grade 6, they are promoted to
intermediate or junior high school.  Intermediate school is a two-year educational stage, broken down into the following two grades:
ART, CULTURE, SPORTS
• The first truly Canadian literary works were written in French by explorers,
missionaries, and settlers, and many of them became the inspiration for subsequent
writings. Some were notable literature, such as Marc Lescarbot’s Histoire de la
Nouvelle France (1609; History of New France).
TRADITIONS, CUSTOMS, NATIONAL HOLIDAYS
Cuisine
In Canada, many dishes are prepared that we
are also familiar with, such as potatoes, meat
and vegetables, pizza or pasta. A typical
Canadian dish is poutine, which originates from
Quebec. The dish consists of fries covered with
curd (a kind of cheese), gravy and possibly
other ingredients.

Cottage culture
The cottage on the lake, the cabin in the woods
— cottage culture is an essential part of the
national lore.
 Calgary Stampede
The Calgary
. Stampede happens each year in July
in Calgary, Alberta. It's known as the 'Greatest
Outdoor Show on Earth' and involves concerts,
rodeos, carnival rides, exhibitions, parades and
agricultural competitions.

Thanksgiving
Canada has its own Thanksgiving tradition,
which is slightly different to its American
counterpart. Turkey and pumpkin pie are still
both centerpieces of a Thanksgiving meal in
Canada. However, the date is always the second
Monday in October.
 NATIONAL HOLIDAYS

May Two-Four
Canada Day commemorates the day on
Also known as Victoria Day, it is a
which Canadian Confederation came into
public holiday in Canada, celebrated on
existence in 1867. Originally celebrated in
the last Monday in May. Originally there
rather quiet ways, Canada Day is now
to celebrate Queen Victoria’s birthday,
the occasion for elaborate cultural and
it has since been celebrated as the
entertainment spectacles, many paid for
official birthday of Canada’s sovereign
by the federal government to foster
— but to many Canadians May Two-
Canadian nationalism.
Four is considered to be the start of
summer.
UKRAINIAN DIASPORA
•
The term “diaspora” means those Ukrainians who reside abroad.
Nowadays every third Ukrainian lives be­yond Ukraine.
The greatest number of people of the Ukrainian origin (almost 2 million) live in the
USA; one million people live in Ca­nada and half a million live in Poland and Romania.
The first Ukrainians came to Canada on the 7th of September, 1891.
They were Ivan Pylypiv and Vasyl Jelen­yak from the village of Nebylin.
Their life in this country was very difficult because they were often discriminated and
exploited.
These first immigrants were illiterate Ukrainian peasants and they mostly went in for
farming.