F-test (ANOVA)

What is the F-test?

• Used to compare 3 or more means of independent groups.

• Used to get the significant difference of 3 or more than

groups.

When do we use F-test?

• Normal Distribution with 3 or more variables.

Formula:

F-test = MSB = MSW =

SSB = SSW = SST – SSB

SST = dfB = k- 1 dfw = k (n-1)

k = number of columns
n = number of rows
N = number of rows times number of column
F-test (ANOVA)

1. A sari sari store is selling 4 brands of shampoo. The

owner is interested if there is a significant difference in
the average sales of the four brands of shampoo for
one week. The following are recorded:

A 7 3 5 6 9 4 3
B 9 8 8 7 6 9 10
C 2 3 4 5 6 4 2
D 4 5 7 8 3 4 5
Computation:
A B C D

7 49 9 81 2 4 4 16
3 9 8 64 3 9 5 25
5 25 8 64 4 16 7 49
6 36 7 49 5 25 8 64
9 81 6 36 6 36 3 9
4 16 9 81 4 16 4 16
3 9 10 100 2 4 5 25
F-test = MSB = MSW =

SSB = SSW = SST – SSB

SST = dfB = k- 1 dfw = k (n-1)

k = number of columns
n = number of rows
N = number of rows times number of column
SSB = –

= + -

= 72.28

SST = = 225 + 475 +110 + 204 – 869.14

= 1014 – 869.14 = 144.86

dft = N – 1 = 7(4) -1 = 27, dfb= k – 1 = 4 - 1=3,
dfw= N – k = 7(4) – 4 = 24

SSW = SST – SSB = 144.86 – 72.28 = 72.58

MSB = SSB/Dfb = 72.28 / 3 = 24.09

MSW = SSW/ Dfw = 72.58 / 24 = 3.02

F = MSB/MSW = 24.09/3.02 = 7.98

Vsourc Deg. Sum Mean Comp Tabul Inter
e of of of Squar uted F ar F pretat
variati freedo squar e ion
on m es
Bet.
Group 3 72.28 24.09 Reject
Ho
7.98 3.01
W/in
group 24 72.58 3.02
V. Decision/ Conclusion:
Since the F computed value of 7.98 is greater
than the F tabular of 3.01 at significant level of
0.05 with degree of freedom of 27 (3 and 24), the
null hypothesis is rejected which means that there
is significant difference in the average sales of the
4 brands of shampoo. It implies that the brands of
shampoo have different sales in one week.
In case null hypothesis is rejected, get the
significant difference of every independent
variables.

What is Scheffѐ’s Test?

To find where the difference lies, this test must
be used.

F’ =
A vs. B
F’ = = 9.51
A vs. C
F’ = 2.87
A vs. D
F’ = 0.02
B vs. C
F’ = 22.82
B vs. D
F’ = 10.46
C vs. D
F’ = = 2.38
 F’ Table
TV(DFb)
Between brands F’ relation Interpretation
(3.01)(3)
A vs. B 9.51 9.03 Greater Significant
A vs. C 2.87 9.03 Less Not Significant
A vs. D 0.02 9.03 Less Not Significant
B vs. C 22.82 9.03 Greater Significant
B vs. D 10.46 9.03 Greater Significant
C vs. D 2.38 9.03 Less Not Significant
2. The following data represent the operating
time in hours of 3 types of scientific pocket
calculators before a recharge is required.
Determine the difference in operating time of
the three calculators. Used α = 0.05
A B C
4.9 24.01 6.4 40.96
4.8 23.04
5.3 28.09 6.8 46.24 5.4 29.16
4.6 21.16 5.6 31.36 6.7 44.89
6.1 37.21 6.5 42.25
7.9 62.41
4.3 18.49 6.3 39.69
6.2 38.44
6.9 47.61 6.7 44.89
5.3 28.09
= 32.1 5.3 28.09
5.9 34.81
4.1 16.81    
4.3 18.49
Mean = 5.35
 
Mean = 6.03

Mean = 5.78
Ssb =

= 171.735 + 300.44 + 254.41 – 725.08

SSB= 1.505
SSt =

= 176.57 + 308.78 + 260.84 – 725.08

SST= 21.11
SSW = SST – SSB

= 21.11 – 1.505

SSW =19.605

Dfb = k – 1 = 3 – 1 = 2
Dfw = N – k = 22 – 3 = 19

MSB =

MSW =

F=
 F-test table at α = 0.05

Mean of
Source of Degree of Sum of Computed f- Tabular f-
Sum of Interpretation Decision Analysis
Variation freedom Squares value value
Squares

Between  2  1.505  0.7525

 Not
Within  19  19.605  1.03  0.731  3.52  Less than  Accept Ho
Significant
Total  21  21.11  1.7825

Since the computed f-value of 0.731 is less than the Tabular f-value of 3.52, at 0.05
level of significant and 21 (2 and 19) degree of freedom, accept null hypothesis.
This means that there is no significant difference among operating time of the
three calculators. It implies that any type of scientific calculator has the same
time of operation before it is needed to be charged.
1. Is there a significant difference between the perception of two groups of
respondents__________________________________?
t-test 2 tailed (N<30)
2. Is there a significant difference between the grades in Math and English of 20
students?
T-test correlation (one-tailed)
3. Is there a significant difference among the assessment of three groups of
respondents on______________________________________?
F-test (one-tailed)
 3. The data on rape cases committed from January to December in 3 cities in Metro
Manila are as follows:
Month City A City B City C
1 4 6 5
2 3 6 5
3 5 7 5
4 4 8 8
5 6 3 9
6 7 5 8
7 8 2 9
8 4 9 10
9 5 8 9
10 2 7 8
11 5 3 5
12 2 1 6

Perform the one-way ANOVA to test the null hypothesis that the average rape
cases in 3 cities are equal. Use 0.05 level of significance.